Mauritius, Social Housing Social Movement and Low Income Housing in Mauritius free essay sample

Social Housing Social Movement and Low Income Housing in Mauritius Abstract: The Republic of Mauritius has been a model example of overcoming adversity in both financial and social advancement among both the African countries and the entire world. In spite of numerous chances, the nation has gained huge financial ground and has prevailing simultaneously to elevate fundamentally the expectations for everyday comforts of the populace when all is said in done. This paper gives a diagram of the matter of the low-pay lodging in Mauritius. The initial segment of the paper gives the prudent foundation and the advancement of the social development in Mauritius. The subsequent part presents the present lodging conditions and the circumstance of neediness and low-pay bunches in Mauritius. At long last the technique of social lodging is examined. The Mauritius social lodging technique is examined as far as the adjustments in the institutional structure, and arrangements. At that point the kinds of social lodging and their financing are presented. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mauritius, Social Housing: Social Movement and Low Income Housing in Mauritius or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Watchwords: Mauritius; Welfare State; Social Housing; Low Income Households AUTAR Bhotish Awtar | Matric No: 2011280122 | Masters Candidate Tsinghua University | School of Architecture | Department of Urban Planning Please present any criticism to [emailprotected] om Submitted to: |[emailprotected] tsinghua. edu. cn | Submission date: seventeenth June 2012 Introduction At autonomy, Mauritius didn't seem foreordained for the advancement that followed. Difficulties included: outrageous social assorted variety just as racial disparity; power moved in a little world class (of French British pilgrim relatives); high joblessness; and high populace development. The nation experienced a financial emergency all through the 1970s, was remote from world markets and was item needy. It likewise displayed low introductory degrees of human turn of events. Nobel Laureate for Economics, James Meade even said in 1961, as cited beneath: â€Å"It will be an extraordinary accomplishment if Mauritius can discover gainful work for its populace without a genuine decrease in the current way of life The standpoint for tranquil advancement is poor† Despite numerous elements stacked against it, Mauritius has accomplished heavenly advancement in monetary conditions, and has been remarkable in its capacity to exploit special access to universal markets to create in a supported and evenhanded way. This has been empowered and supplemented by powerful neediness decrease and fair upgrades in human turn of events. These accomplishments have been made by methods for: a deliberate system of country building; solid and comprehensive organizations; significant levels of evenhanded open interest in human turn of events; and a down to business improvement procedure (Vandemoortele, 2010). This accomplishment despite seemingly insurmountable opposition was begat as the ‘Mauritian Miracle’. In autonomy year of 1968, the country’s GDP per capita was US$ 2601, and in 2010, the figure rose to around US$ 14,0002 of every 2010. Relatively, in 2010 the normal GNI per capita (PPP) for Sub-Saharan Africa remained at 2,1083. During a similar time of 1968 to 2010, populace rose from 787,000 to 1,281,0004. In 2011, a hope of life of 73 years5 during childbirth and the nation had a Human Development Index (HDI) score of 7. 26, contrasted and a normal of 4. 6 in the Sub-Saharan African area. The nation was likewise positioned most elevated on the Earth Institute’s World Happiness Index among the Sub-Saharan African countries7, abandoning Botswana and South Africa, other provincial monetary heroes. Communist development in Mauritius is a government assistance state. It has an extensive government disability framework for the entire populace and different other social assurance plans. Instruction is liberated from essential to college level, with 1 2 Source: IFAD, 2005 For 2010, GDP per capita (PPP) of US$ 14,194, as indicated by IMF, 2011 World Economic Outlook, and GNI per capital (PPP) of 13,960 (units International Dollar) as per World Bank, 2011 3 (units International Dollar) as per World Bank, 2011 4 Figures for populace for Republic of Mauritius is from different open source, for example, Mauritius CSO, World Bank and other online open information sources. Source: UN Statistics, from WorldBank. organization 6 Source: http://hdr. undp. organization 7 Mauritius Ranking 64th out of 156 nations with 5. 5 focuses, on a 0-10 scale, 0 being very troubled and 10 being amazingly upbeat obligatory instruction up to age of 16. Medicinal services including tertiary consideration, similar to heart medical procedure) is additionally free. Essential stap les (rice and flour) just as lodging for lower center salary bunch are intensely sponsored. Salary support is given to family unit low pay. The legislature gives nnual awards to various NGOs that provide food for the particular needs of impeded people and defenseless gatherings (Deerpalsingh, 2011). There are likewise value controls on some different wares, for example, concrete, oil based commodities, bread, onions and palatable oils. The state assumes a key job in social government assistance and security. Truth be told, consumption on network and social administrations draws in the biggest portion of absolute government use. The rate out of all out government consumption spent on wellbeing, instruction, standardized savings and government assistance, and lodging, over the period 1980 to 1988 found the middle value of 43% and by 1999 was as high as 52%. Special access to business sectors in the European Union and the USA has encouraged this solid government assistance state (Bundoo, 2006) The development of an exhaustive government assistance state in Mauritius didn't rise out of a smooth and consistent procedure. Every one of the three scenes of government assistance change the proper presentation of noncontributory mature age annuities in 1950, family stipends in 1962 and social protection in 1976-1978, were a result of significant stretches of consideration and delaying from the provincial authorities (Phaahla, 2000). It took revolts by chaotic sugar bequest laborers in the late 1930’s and solid worker's organizations today, to acquire and keep up an especially communist condition in the nation, in spite of, an open and industrialist advertise economy in Mauritius, it has been prevailing to safeguard an extensive work assurance and advantage to the laborers. In the more present day times, the social development is straightforwardly identified with the law based administrative framework. Around at regular intervals general decisions are held, and the public’s casting a ballot of a specific gathering is extremely delicate to the monetary and social states of the nation. In numerous cases in the history, after freedom, the legislature has been ‘overthrown’ out of office, as approval casting a ballot by the populace, because of terrible monetary and social exhibitions. The most mainstream model, would maybe in the 1982, races when the administration in office, with the ‘father of the nation’ as the leader of the nation, confronted the more terrible conceivable destruction. This was on the grounds that the joblessness and other financial and social markers were all in the red. As far as social administrations, Mauritius has been rehearsing a s ‘five pillar’ model as pushed by the World Bank in a report in 2005. In any case, it is important that the five-column framework in Mauritius was finished as far back as 1994. In this way, Mauritius had just been executing the social model for a long time (Deerpalsingh, 2011). Giving better than average sanctuary to low-salary bunches has been another significant social need of the legislature. Despite the rising cost of leased settlement, the legislature started ventures for the development of average workers pads in various pieces of the nation. The National Housing Advancement Corporation (NHDC) was set up so as to speed up enormous scope development of ease lodging. House possession developed from 66 percent in 1983 to right around 93 percent in 20018. Current Housing Conditions To comprehend the entrance to lodging to the low pay family unit, it is essential to comprehend the general lodging state of the Mauritian. This aides in clarifying the proprietorship approaches and lodging types that are given to the individuals who have money related trouble in having a safe house similar to his kindred comrade. With around $ 14,000 for every capita GDP (PPP), Mauritius presently has a moderately high lodging quality. In the 2011 Housing study, it was noticed that around 89% of the structure stock in the nation were private structure (with 85% completely private). Of which, 77% were independent lodging units, 12% were semi withdrawn or loft types and 5% are blended private business. In Mauritius, customarily the houses are self-developed by doling out little temporary workers to the activity, who exclusively depend on their experience and proprietors structure desires. For medium and enormous undertakings, greater temporary workers and development experts like draftsmen and architects are utilized. The development of houses were 92% of solid dividers and rooftop, 3% solid dividers and iron sheet rooftops, and 5% were made out of wood and iron sheets. Despite the fact that the human settlement designs in Mauritius is very scattered, as far as fundamental pleasantries, practically all (over 99%) of the houses were associated with country power network and water frameworks. 96% of all the lodging units had running water in the washrooms and had present day flush toilets offices. 8% had their waste gathered consistently by district or other approved organizations. Practically all the lodging units in Mauritius are exclusive, 99% in 2011, among which just 12% were accounted for to be sold. A surprising low level of 0. 3% of lodging units was accounted for to be open lodging around the same time. Regarding the residency pace of the lodging in 2011, 89% o f the inhabitants were proprietor of the house they were living in, contrasted with 8% who were leasing or

Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Job in Hotel Firms Essay

Working environment Relationship Quality and Employee Job in Hotel Firms - Essay Example Business relations in the neighborliness and enterprises offer a reasonable audit particularly of work relations in the unmistakable piece of the administration economy. Neighborliness work on the planet can without much of a stretch be marked as a powerless business which is guideline inside regions of least wages. Different business frameworks are achieved by various lawful, social, political just as financial components. Human Resource Management much of the time coordinates the individual exercises with the target of guaranteeing accomplishment inside the activities being done. It hence calls for accommodation the executives work force to embrace a wide and wide comprehension of Human Resource Management. As a matter of fact, it is the job of the neighborliness the executives teachers to give the necessary information an imminent of guaranteeing addition of criticality. Proof from study did of a specific lodging has represented that Human Resource Management is normally produced to have a restricted results on the issues that are basic to the prosperity of the foodservice business on the loose. It has obviously demonstrated that HRM once in a while has a task to carry out particularly with the impact planned to be caused for example on administration quality, benefit among others.Human Resource issues are acutely investigated to give new answers for issues confronted particularly during the troublesome financial periods inside the lodging business. This will help in fulfillment of a maintainable and an upper hand and all the more so in the present business condition.

If You Have Bad Credit, Can You Qualify for a Debt Consolidation Loan

If You Have Bad Credit, Can You Qualify for a Debt Consolidation Loan If You Have Bad Credit, Can You Qualify for a Debt Consolidation Loan? If You Have Bad Credit, Can You Qualify for a Debt Consolidation Loan?If  you want to consolidate your debt but you have a lousy credit score, youre going to run into the same problems as you would trying to apply for any other loan.Bad credit is like the worst kind of slope: a slippery one. Once you miss some payments, your credit score will start dropping and the fees and interest on that debt will keep growing.So now you have more debt and a lower credit score which will make getting a personal loan harder. One way to help manage your debt is to take out a debt consolidation loan, where you get one big loan to pay off all your smaller ones. Then you only have one payment to make every month! And hopefully at a lower interest rate than you were paying previously!But if you already have a poor credit score, is debt consolidation really a possibility for you? Read on and find out!Payment history and amounts owed are the two most important parts of your score.Before we continue, lets make sure were all on the same page. Your history as a borrower is collected into documents called credit reports by the three major credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. That information is then fed through an algorithm created by the FICO corporation to create your credit score, a three-digit number that expresses your perceived trustworthiness as a borrower. Potential lenders use these scores to help determine whether they’ll lend to you and at what rates.Your credit score is composed of five categories. The most important category, worth 35 percent of your total score, is your payment history. This is a measure of whether you’ve been paying your bills and paying them on time. When it comes to whether you’re likely to pay off your debts in the future, it’s not surprising that lenders will want to know whether you’ve paid your debts in the past.The next factor, worth only a little less at 30 percent, is your amounts owed. This is, as the name suggests, the a mount you currently owe to your various lenders. If you already have a lot of debt to manage, it stands to reason that you’ll have a tougher time managing new debt. In general, youll want to keep any credit card balances below 30 percent of your total credit limit to help this section of your score.If you think you have a good credit score because youve never been in debt, youre wrong.  The last three factors are each less important on their own, but together they account for a little over a third of your credit score, as the math would suggest.The length of your credit history is worth 15 percent. This is where some people can get hung up because they think having never gotten into debt in the first place will lead to a good credit score. That’s not the case. FICOs algorithm does not look too kindly on people whove never borrowed money before because, well, theyve never borrowed money before! The algorithm isnt sure how they would handle it!That’s why, even if you don’t qua lify for a regular credit card, you should consider getting a secured credit card. This is a card that’s easier to qualify for but which requires you to put down cash as collateral. That way, you can start building up your credit by using the credit card and paying the bill in full each month. But you don’t want to use it too much since the next 10 percent is …Your credit mix! This takes into account how your credit obligations are divided. Lenders want to see as diverse a mix as possible. So if all your debts are on credit cards or in the form of personal loans, youll get dinged for that.Finally, the last 10 percent is recent credit inquiries. Hard credit checks, performed by most standard financial companies when you’re seeking a loan, will cause a temporary negative effect on your credit score. The effect isnt huge and will only last a maximum of two years, but when you have bad credit, every little bit counts.What is a debt consolidation loan, exactly?Speaking of applyin g for a loan, just what is a debt consolidation loan? Basically, it’s a loan you take out for the express purpose of paying off the debts you want to consolidate. You take out the new loan, and then use those funds to pay your old debts off. There are certain loans that are advertised specifically as debt consolidation loans, and you include the other balances that you want to pay off as a part of the loan process.Ideally, this new loan will have lower rates than the original loan or lower monthly payments. Or super duper ideally, both. Oftentimes, though, youll be asked to choose between the lower monthly payments and paying more in interest overallâ€"even with lower rates. A longer term on a loan means lower payments, while a shorter term means less interest will accrue. In choosing between the two, its really about whats right for you.If youre applying for a debt consolidation loan that has a higher interest rate than your current debts or  monthly payments that you cant afford , then you shouldnt take out that loan. While simplifying your debts is a good thingâ€"allowing you to make one payment each month instead of manyâ€"paying more money in order to do that is not.So can you get a debt consolidation loan with bad credit? And should you?Folks with bad credit will run into the same issues with a debt consolidation loan that they will with regular loans.Getting a debt consolidation loan with bad credit is like getting any other loan with bad credit: less than ideal. Traditional lenders likely wont lend to you at all, and the ones that will are going to charge you much higher interest rates. The rates might be so high that the loan isnt even worth it. Loans or credit cards that were taken out before  you had a bad credit score might have better rates than anything youre able to qualify for right now.Youll also want to be very careful with any lender that does  want to lend to you when you have bad credit. While there are many bad credit lenders out there t hat are totally legit, there are many others whose predatory products will trap you in a cycle of debt. Trying to consolidate your debt with one of these lenders could  leave you in a worse situation than you were in before the consolidation.Then again, even the higher rates from one bad credit loan might be far better than what youre paying on your  other bad credit debt. For instance, if you have multiple payday loans outstanding that you are struggling to pay, consolidating all of those loans into a single bad credit installment loan with longer terms and lower payments might just be the ticket to stabilizing your finances.The solution to choosing the right bad credit debt consolidation loan is simple: Do your research. Make sure you compare different loans using their APR, or annual percentage rate, to determine which one is most affordable, and make sure to read all of the fine print before signing anything. Check the monthly payment amounts against your budget and see whether or not youll be able to afford them. Online reviews can also help you determine which lender is the right choice for you.In a best-case scenario, you’ll find a debt consolidation loan with better terms that will report your payments to the credit bureaus. Then, not only will you be handling your debt, you’ll be building your credit score back up as well!Having a bad credit score is always going to be tougher than having a good one. But it might still be worth looking into a debt consolidation loan. As long as you don’t have to agree to any hard credit checks, there isn’t a downside to exploring your options.To learn more about getting out of debt, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Want to Get Out of Debt? Then Let It Snow(ball)!Are Balance Transfers a Good Way to Pay Down Debt?Climb Your Way Out of Debt: 6 Paths You Can Take TodayWhat do you think is the best strategy for getting out of debt?  Let us know  on Facebook  and  Twitter.

A Gun Control Is An Effective Way To Control Crime - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3195 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Did you like this example? Gun control is not one issue, but many. To some people gun control is a crime issue, to others it is a rights issue. Guns are not for everyone. Certain people cannot handle guns safely, and some individuals choose to use firearms inappropriately. Many of us have heard many times, Guns do not kill people on their own, it takes a person to pull the trigger. Even if people find this statement to be true, guns are an issue that needs to be discussed. A gun is simply an easy tool that people can use and manipulate with hardly any thought. Many people suggest taking away guns and promoting peace through government help while others think that the guns are what keep them safe. Situations arise everyday where people have witnessed, know someone who has been affected by gun violence. Sadly, many of the cases result in death or severe injuries. Even though this is a very controversial topic, many people would agree with the fact that guns are an easy means to commit a crime. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Gun Control Is An Effective Way To Control Crime" essay for you Create order It is a constitutional right to be able to have weapons to defend yourself, including guns. While some restrictions should certainly be in place, if the government is given too much power over these types of things it would be easier for them to attempt to take all guns from citizens. The government can make some rule for the citizens in order to buy a gun. For example, a person who wants to buy a gun need to be go through certain training and education about the gun. In this way, a person is familiar with use of gun. If the person does not have enough knowledge about the use of guns, then they harm other people. In Pakistan, there is one organization which organize one training camp in summer every year for teenagers. In this training camp, all the participants go to the rural area where no population is. They stay there for one month with one professional team which teach every participant about the use of gun. In this way, during adolescence life they know the use of gun which prevent them and, other people from many big troubles even death. However, there is some people who grew up in bad environment try to injure other people with inappropriate use of gun because they are brain washed. If there is a terrorism in any country and terrorist obviously have dangerous weapons. But this does not mean that guns or people are bad. This could be some political benefits between two countries which lead the people of those countries toward the negative use of firearms. The simple definition of a criminal is someone who does not obey the law. The simple definition of a law-abiding citizen is someone who does obey the law. Criminals break the laws with or without the use of gun. They break the law anyway so what is the difference if the gun laws are strict or not. Criminals also make weapons, use knives, and other objects besides guns to help in their crime. They do not get their guns through customary retail. For example, there is one incident happened in Crossroad Center Mall in St. Cloud. A guy came to mall to fix his cellphone according to his mother. Somehow, the guy ran around the mall armed with two steak knives stabbing before he was killed by an off-duty police officer. Since, the police officer was off duty and carried gun in mall which is not allowed. The police officer was suspended from his job until for further investigation. No one knows that what happened with that guy who were fine suddenly start killing people. But this guy did not have firearm which shows that if something wrong with the person then they could injure other people with any weapons. However, the police officer who did a good thing to kill that guy, but he lost his job for several months because he unfollowed the rules of mall. This shows harsher gun control laws are not needed. What is needed, however, is a greater focus on education about firearms. We should teach people from an early age the damage that they can do, how to properly and safely use them, and the steps to take to make sure that they are safely used and stored. As of today, it is easy to get your hands on a fire arm. If the laws and regulations made to be much stricter and more regulated, then the amount of people who die from gun violence could possibly go down drastically. Illegal guns are a huge trade and business especially in the United States. According to the CDC from 2012 to 2016, the last years for which data is available, an average of 35,000 Americans died from gun violence every year (Abrams and Chan, 2018). Even, if gun control laws where made much more, strict these criminals would still be able to obtain illegal weapons and use them to inflict harm and commit violent crimes. The only difference would be that the people who are not criminals would not have the ability to defend themselves. We see a good example of this in Switzerland most of its citizens own guns. For example, if someone were to go into a theater and start open firing, there would be a pretty good chance that they would get taken out by one of his/her would be victims who also had a gun. Again, it really depends on the country. The act of making it illegal to own firearms does little to prevent criminals from getting guns. These laws only restrict people who respect the law, the people who would only use firearms for legal purposes. And when we give people the right to defend themselves, we find that criminals start looking for other victims out of fear that they will become the victims themselves. Another source of information on the use of firearms for self-defense is the National Self-Defense Survey con- ducted by criminology professor Gary Kleck of Florida State University in the spring of 1993. Citing responses from 4,978 households, Dr. Kleck estimated that hand- guns had been used 2.1 million times per year for self- defense, and that all types of guns had been used approximately 2.5 million times a year for that purpose during the 1988 to 1993 period (2013). We must work to reduce crime, but we should look at the problem realistically, and develop plans that would be effective. It is obvious that gun control laws are neither realistic, nor effective in reducing crime. Therefore, we must direct our efforts toward controlling crime, not controlling legal ownership of firearms. Therefore, if we pass laws restricting ownership of firearms, which category of people does it affect? The simple answer is that gun control laws affect law-abiding citizens only. By their very nature, the criminals will continue to violate these new laws, they will continue to carry their firearms, and they will find their efforts at crime much easier when they know that their victims will be unarmed. The situation is similar to that of the disarmed blacks a century ago. US whites have twice the rate of gun ownership of blacks, oppose gun control to much greater extent than blacks, but are considerably more likely to kill themselves with those guns, than be killed by others or blacks. While the literature suggests that racism in whites shapes fear of black violence and support for policies that disadvantage blacks, no research has examined whether racism is related to gun ownership and attitudes to gun-control in US whites (2013). Innocent people are turned into victims when new laws make it impossible for them to fight back. An unarmed man stands little chance against an armed one. Terrorism beams into our homes through television screens, it assaults us in newspapers and magazines, and it sometimes touches our lives in more direct manners. People do not seem to worry about the definition of terrorism at such times. This religious terrorism comes from different nations, groups and individuals. The truth is terrorism has not religion. They just brain washed by bad people and behind the terrorism there is some political advantages. There are different organization in the world who brain washed teenager and also teach them who to use different kind of weapons. The question is that from where all these organization get weapons. Most probably they have political links who have approach to big weapon companies provide them all the dangerous weapons. For example, an incident happened in Pakistan on December 2014 (which is also called Tragedy of Army Public school). When six terrorists entered in to school name Army public school in Peshawar. Peshawar school massacre, terrorist attack in which seven heavily armed Taliban fighters stormed an army-run primary and secondary school in Peshawar, Pakistan, on December 16, 2014, killing 150 people, of whom at least 134 were students (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2018). All the terrorists had so many dangerous weapons with them which they use to kill people. The people who were terrorist did not bear to kill people and they were not a bad people, but in the environment, they were raised and the way they brain washed make them bad. And the other point which we consider that all those terrorists had the training of using firearms and they know how these gun harm people. Then we cannot say that those people who has the training of guns cannot harm people. Its all about the mentality of those people who use the gun whether they want to use it for positive thing or negative. I still remember the time when those terrorists killed because I was in Pakistan at that time. They way those terrorists scare all the people in Pakistan and especially the managements of all school in Pakistan. All the school had been closed for about three or four days. At the end, people just blame to guns or terrorist, but no one try to figure it out what kind of things convert those people into terrorists and who are those people who convince those people to use all those weapons to kill innocent people. In my point of view, all those things happen just because of political benefits. Different countries train people to do terrorist attacks on other countries just to show the positive image of their own country. Just because of this benefit they kill so many innocent people and all they blame goes to weapons and terrorists. World leaders and prominent politicians and diplomats united to condemn the actions of the Taliban whove claimed responsibility for the attack on a Peshawar school on Tuesday that left more than 131 people dead, mostly school children. Six Taliban gunmen attacked the school and were eventually killed by Pakistani security forces (2014). This shows that terrorism has no religion and there is no humanity in them. On the other hand, we have seen that in the past years that opened fire incidents happened in USA and the one incident which happened at Santa Fe High School in Texas. There have been at least ten shootings in schools so far this year, with two of them, at the Majory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida and the Santa Fe High School in Texas, involving mass deaths, of 17 and ten people respectively (Royal wedding). One Pakistani exchange student name Sabika Sheikh also dead in Santa Fe High School in Texas including 9 other people. This is a form of terrorism. It shouldnt happen anywhere: not in America, not in Pakistan, said Sabikas father, Aziz Sheikh, in an interview at the family home in Karachi, Pakistans commercial hub (Ahmad Abi-habib, 2018). United States is a developed country and Pakistan is an underdeveloped country but there is terrorism in both countries. It could happen in any country and a t the end media just blame to guns that why guns are legal in U.S for everyone but no one try to figure what are the thing behind those people which lead them to someone without any fear. Why guns are issue today? Guns today are used for a variety of things. Hunters and professional sharpshooters use guns for sport. While some people have guns in house for the protection. Gun laws take away the important feeling of safety and protection along with a basic right in the Constitution that has been given to the public for centuries. The feeling of safety and protection are important to a community and a nation. Owning a gun allows one to have the safety the gun provides as well as a fighting chance against an armed robber or criminal. If gun control laws are placed, many people in the community would be denied a major component of safety as well as decreasing their chances of surviving an attack from local or international attackers. Guns are useful way to physically and mentally protect family and friends. Guns are dangerous when used inappropriately, especially when they get into the wrong hands. Travis Roundtree said, If someone purchases a gun for someone illegally, they both should be punished. If it is used in a crime, they both should be punished the same (usa today). There just isnt a problem with adults handling guns the wrong way, there is also children getting their hands on them and injuring and killing others as well. More gun control will not reduce crime because people will find other dangerous ways to injure and kill others. When a gun is sold and purchased, a certificate of ownership must be published. When a gun is sold and purchased illegally, a certificate of ownership will not be published. For those people who do buy and sell guns illegally, the punishment would be a 10-year jail sentence. Threatening people with larger punishments will have a positive effect on the annual number of deaths due to guns. Most importantly, guns should be given to police and people with very clean criminal records. Police are to receive one and only one gun, no matter their position. People who have never had a criminal history may purchase a gun. If they have even the slightest crime on their criminal record, they will not be able to purchase nor own a gun. For those who wish to purchase a gun and are anywhere between the ages range of 18 and 30 years old, both, their criminal records as well as high school and college transcripts will be checked. In recent years, firearms have become easier to get access to them for example; by stealing them, in some states they dont require to have permits to own a firearm, friends and family letting someone borrow theirs. With this being said, this just goes to show how easy it is to get a firearm. Guns are incredibly powerful weapons. They can be used to protect and defend or to threaten and even kill. As high school students and upcoming college students, it is i mportant to stay informed about the relevant events in the news. As high school students and upcoming college students, it is important to stay informed about the relevant events in the news. It is very important to pay attention to the direction of where gun control laws are headed as the government works to create laws to both protect the public safety of the population and also protect the constitutional rights of the population at the same time. The Increase in Gun Violence Hearing about people getting shot has become a normal thing in todays society and we usually hear on media as well. Its happening more and more as time goes on because of the accessibility everyone has to a firearm. Even though gun violence is an arising problem, it can be slightly reduced by increasing security on weapon purchases and availability. This then increases the chances of something tragic happening on purpose or not. The rise of gun violence in the past year or so has many people and families worried what the future has in store for us. Guns are everywhere, and they arent going away anytime soon. Guns are in video games, movies or TV shows, hunting, war, and books. Its a huge issue and it needs to stop now to ensure our peoples safety. They have become easily accessible from the law the government put into effect. The right to buy a gun is given people to go purchase it for safety but some lying and use them for other causes. People dont fully understand how dangerous issues that guns have. For example, one of our relative had a gun in his home. He was cleaning his gun and her daughter was just in front of her to do some other stuff. The guy didnt know that he has one bullet in his gun and while cleaning the gun he just clicked the trigger and he shoot his daughter. This shows that when people do not know the use of gun then they do silly mistake. As a result, someone lose their life. They have many malfunctions and can go very wrong, even if you are just simply target practicing. The politics of gun control remain to be a controversial topic in the United States. The issue here is not whether one should have the right to carry firearms, but rather the right to carry on college campuses. Recently Texas has passed Senate Bill 11, more commonly known as the campus carry bill, which allows the carrying of concealed firearms on college campuses because of the incident happened in Texas school. Cowboy up, Texas professors! Teach however and whatever you want. Dont worry about the presence of legally carried guns in your classrooms. If you are going to worry, worry about someone illegally bringing a gun on campus with the intention of causing mayhem, not someone who legally carries a gun in the hope of protecting himself from harm (Gilbert, 2016). Although allowing guns on campus represents a safety hazard, most believe guns are essential in preventing school shootings. Unfortunately, however, licensing guns to students can be more detrimental than beneficial to the security and safety of learning institutions. Introducing guns into colleges and universities would be disruptive to the learning environment. One cannot possibly focus on their studies in a classroom with the prospect that a fellow classmate sitting next to them is armed and dangerous. Guns today are used for a variety of things. Hunters and professional sharpshooters use guns for sport. While some people have guns in house for the protection. Gun laws take away the important feeling of safety and protection along with a basic right in the Constitution that has been given to the public for centuries. The feeling of safety and protection are important to a community and a nation. Owning a gun allows one to have the safety the gun provides as well as a fighting chance against an armed robber or criminal. If gun control laws are placed, many people in the community would be denied a major component of safety as well as decreasing their chances of surviving an attack from local or international attackers. Guns are useful way to physically and mentally protect family and friends.

Barn Burning by William Faulkner Free Essays

The narrative â€Å"Barn burning† seems to be an imperative one as it very evidently illustrates the typical fight between the â€Å"privileged† and the â€Å"deprived† categories plus reveals how an underprivileged man suffers when the law is rooted in taking the well-off man’s side. A further important idea of the story is that it looks at a truth-seeking issue that at what stage should an individual make a preference between what his blood relation(s) and / or kin deems and his personal morals or at what occasion should a youngster depart his parents home and limitations and quit, to make his own decisions? I suppose the reason that this fiction is important is because Faulkner inscribes it in such a manner that it fetches the booklover in and makes him/her empathize with Sarty and his honorable dilemma. The hero in this story is a child named Sarty Snopes, kid of Abner Snopes who is an arsonist. We will write a custom essay sample on Barn Burning by William Faulkner or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is an unfortunate, forlorn, and bemused little boy who is at the kindness of his arrogant father Abner. He is demoralized, immature and has a well-built sense of correct and incorrect. Sarty swears in aid of his father’s defense, and albeit he finds the fairness satisfying, he is indicting his father of the felonies he committed; Ab is Snopes opponent as well. Snopes has endured a very itinerant existence with panic and disgrace because of his father’s crimes. This contradicts with his outlook of justice, correct and incorrect. Snopes eventually comes to the decision and alienated himself from the control of another man and capitulated to his own (Loges, 1998). In appreciating that Snopes becomes a rebel icon to the reader. References Loges, M. L. (1998), Faulkner’s Barn Burning, Journal Title: The Explicator, Vol. 57 No. 1, pp. 44-45. How to cite Barn Burning by William Faulkner, Papers

The Legal Versus The Scientific Definition of the Word an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

The Legal Versus The Scientific Definition of the Word `Organic’ Introduction Need essay sample on "The Legal Versus The Scientific Definition of the Word `Organic" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Everything is going organic in the world, from food items to soaps. There is no time in history when consumers have become so much aware of the effects of the products that they consume on their health. With consumers attentive one what they are buying as a seemingly movement towards the natural every item is suddenly turning herbal or organic. The word organic has become the magic word in the households and the business are not taking any chance about it. Everyday, there is a revolution of a product and it is remarketed with an organic appeal. In supermarket and general stores, all items are labeled organic. Whether there is real organic meaning in these items or whether the use of the term is for consumer attraction remains unclear as we are still struggling to come to terms with the correct definition of the word. Some products may be really organic according to the scientific and legal definitions while others may be really meant to attract consumer by asserting the health benefits of the product. (Consumer Union, 1998) Students Very Often Tell EssayLab support:How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper online?Essay writers suggest: Essaylab.Com Offers A Top-Quality Academic EssayWritten Essays For Sale Order Essay Online Review How to do Assignment Custom Essay Company The term organic doesnt have a standard meaning. The meaning of the term largely varies depending on the context of use whether it is scientific, colloquial, or political in nature. There has been a considerable confusion in the recent past while trying to define the word or in attempt to characterize the product which falls under the category of organic products. The use of the term largely depends on the context under which it is being used. The word has its roots on biology, chemistry and lately, it has found a political definition. Therefore every time you encounter this word, it is advisable to determine the context under which it is being used in light of the three categories since it is the context that will dictate the intended definition. (Global Oneness, 2008) Definition of organic Plant Health Care Inc. (2003) assert that the world organic is one of the most used words in English language. It has several different meaning but the scientific and legal (political) definition stands out as most controversial. To understand the full definition of the term regardless of the context under which it is used, let us first look at the general definition of the word from the dictionary. This would be the Standard English definition of the world. A look at the definition of the world from different versions of dictionaries gives the following definition Of, relating to, or that which affects organs or an organ of the body Of, relating to, or that which has been derived from living organism A vegetable, fruit or meat which has been grown without synthetic fertilizers or application of pesticides That which is simple, healthful or closely related to nature That which resembles a living organism in its organization or in development These are the standard definition the word organic from dictionaries. This definition takes in the scientific and the legal meanings of the word. These definitions forms the basic definition from which were are going to relate and derive our scientific and legal definition of the word. Scientific definition Science can be traced as the root of the word even before it has than the legal and political dimension. The legal and political definition has just surfaced with the increased controversy over the organic products and their use. In the scientific definition, the word organic has two meaning including chemical and biological. (USDA, 2008) In a chemical definition, a substance is usually considered organic it has a molecular structure which is based on bonding properties of a carbon atoms. In the scientific terms, any molecule which has carbon atoms except some few cases is considered organic under the chemical definition, all the carbon compounds would be considered organic since they all trace their carbon component from the basic photosynthesis process which fixes the carbon atom. The chemical definition is therefore at the center of the science of organic chemistry since it deals with all the substances which contain carbon elements. The other scientific definition would be the biological definition. Although the biological definition of the term has been changing over the years, we would assume a classical biology definition under which an organic substance is anything that is derived from the living organism. These are substances which are based on carbon and therefore they all adhere to the chemical definition that we have reviewed above. However biological definition would be refereeing to the source of the substance instead of the chemistry of the substance. This is an important distinction between the chemistry and the biological definition. (Plant Health Care Inc., 2003) According to Plant Health Care Inc. (2003) a substance can therefore e organic by chemical definition by it would not be by biological definition. For example, formononetin is used as a stimulant of VAM fungi. This substance has a molecular structure which is based on carbon. The substance occurs naturally in clover and in some other plants but it can also be synthesized through a chemical process in the laboratory and mostly for commercial use. Can we really consider this substance as organic? Using the scientific chemical definition, Formononetin would be always considered as an organic substance since it has a molecular structure which is based on carbon. However if we use a classical biological definition, the substance would be considered organic only when it has been derived from a particular plant. If it has been prepared in the laboratory, then the classical biological definition would consider the substance as synthetic. Legal (political) definition Plant Health Care Inc. (2003) asserts that the legal definition of the organic has become important of late due to the increased consumer movement questioning eth effect of consumer product on their health. This has been compounded by the increasing rate of lifestyle disease and the debate on genetically modified foods. The current theory in legal definition of the term organic is intertwined with the concept that the food items which are produced naturally without using any synthetic materials like fertilizers or pesticides are seen tastier and healthier. However not any food that is said to be grown naturally that can fit to the legal definition of the word organics. There are some rules and legal justification that has been put in place by various countries which defines anything organic. The application of the world in the legal world has mostly leaned on food products. The legal definition is sealed through a legal organic certification which clearly lays down the criteria that can constitute organic ingredients (Soil Association, 2008). What is complicating the legal definition of the term organic? There are many constrains to the legal definition of the term. Most of them are merely political while others require an in-depth thought and consideration before judging their effect on the word. For example, the growth of natural plants will require inorganic components like light, water, carbon dioxide and other minerals. All these components are available in nature but there are problem with their interpretation. While we take water to be natural, can we use chlorinated water to grow plants? When we are using light, must we always relay on the natural sunlight or can artificial light play the same role? Which criteria can we use to determine whether we can use mineral fertilizers and can it be accepted for organic certification? (Stokstad, 2002) There are some of the questions which are considered merely political since they are only designed to satisfy a perceived distinction in human rather than a biological distinction. Plants are not aware whether they are using artificial or natural light or when the fertilizer applied was natural or manmade. Plant Health Care Inc. (2003) argues that because of the sensitive nature in the definition of the term, certification programs have become very common in many countries. These programs have also turned to be very elaborate and expensive processes in determining which process or ingredients or chemicals can be considered natural and acceptable. There are stringent measures that a farmer has to fulfill in order to be granted an organic certification although there is a very great degree of variance. For example, it has been observed that in some certification programs, a farmer can actually demonstrate that his soil is in great mineral deficiency and therefore one may be allowed to use micronutrients. However his products will not be considered wholly organic according to legal definition and therefore will have to seek a variance. The legal definition of the term includes some legally agreed standards that a product must meet in order to be considered as organic. Every country has its own institution that is mandated with ensuring that organic products meet the required standards. It is these institutions which issue farmers with organic certificates. For example the National Organic Program in United States The national Organic Program is the federal institution that provides the regulatory framework governing all organic products. The organic Food Production Act 1997 provides the guidelines for acceptable legal standards for products which are considered organic. This act also requires the USDA to come with national standards for the production of organic products. In return the USDA has credited other 56 domestic certification agencies and other 41 foreign accredited agencies which offer organic certification services. (National Organic Program, 2008) NOP operation covers all the details in aspect of food production, processing and delivery, and the use of the products in the retail sales. NOP further assert that any farmer or any organization which want to use the word organic for their product in reference to business and the product sold must have organic certificate. The USDA further provides seals for product which are proven to have at least 95% of organic ingredients. Therefore in legal definition, we will be talking of organic standards which are rules and regulations which define how any product considered organic should be meet. Organic standards are therefore procedures which sets the minimum amount of components that are expected in an organic product. They are meant to ensure consumer that what they are buying is really organic. (National Organic Program, 2008) Conclusion In the modern consumer market, everything is turning organic. Consumers have become more aware of the health effect of what they consumer and therefore manufactures have gone to producing organic items. However the term organic remain controversial. The scientific definition defines organic as anything that has a carbon base and therefore it is anything that is grown naturally without application of micronutrient or pesticides. Legal definition defines the accepted standards that a product must meet in order to be considered really organic. Work Cited Consumer Union, (1998): The truth about organic foods. Consumer Reports, Vol. 63(1) National Organic Program, (2008): Program overview. United States Department of Agriculture Marketing Services, 2008 Plant Helth Care Inc. (2003): Organic and Natural: What do they mean? Technical Bulletin, February 2003 Stokstad, E. (2002): Organic farms have many benefits. Science, Vol. 296 USDA, (2008): Frequently asked question about the word organic. USDA Organic Terresentials, 2008

The Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The Conquest of the Aztec Empire From 1518-1521, Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes and his army brought down the mighty Aztec Empire, the greatest the New World had ever seen. He did it through a combination of luck, courage, political savvy and advanced tactics and weapons. By bringing the Aztec Empire under the rule of Spain, he set events in motion which would result in the modern-day nation of Mexico. The Aztec Empire in 1519 In 1519, when the Spanish first made official contact with the Empire, the Aztecs ruled most of present-day Mexico either directly or indirectly. About one hundred years before, three powerful city-states in central Mexico - Tenochtitlan, Tlacopan and Tacuba - united to form the Triple Alliance, which soon rose to pre-eminence. All three cultures were located on the shores and islands of Lake Texcoco. Through alliances, wars, intimidation and trade, the Aztecs came to dominate most of the other Mesoamerican city-states by 1519 and collected tribute from them. The pre-eminent partner in the Triple Alliance was the Mexica city of Tenochtitlan. The Mexica were led by a Tlatoani, a position roughly similar to Emperor. In 1519, the tlatoani of the Mexica was Motecuzoma Xocoyotzà ­n, better known to history as Montezuma. The Arrival of Cortes Since 1492, when Christopher Columbus discovered the New World, the Spanish had fairly thoroughly explored the Caribbean by 1518. They became aware of a large landmass to the west, and some expeditions had visited the shores of the Gulf Coast, but no lasting settlement had been made. In 1518, Governor Diego Velazquez of Cuba sponsored an expedition of exploration and settlement and entrusted it to Hernan Cortes. Cortes set sail with several ships and about 600 men, and after a visit to the Maya area of the southern Gulf Coast (it was here that he picked up his future interpreter/mistress Malinche), Cortes reached the area of present-day Veracruz in early 1519. Cortes landed, founded a small settlement and made mostly peaceful contact with leaders of local tribes. These tribes were bound to the Aztecs by ties of trade and tribute but resented their inland masters and tentatively agreed with Cortes to switch allegiances. Cortes Marches Inland The first emissaries from the Aztecs arrived, bearing gifts and seeking information about these interlopers. The rich gifts, meant to buy off the Spanish and make them go away, had the opposite effect: they wanted to see the riches of the Aztecs for themselves. The Spanish made their way inland, ignoring pleas and threats from Montezuma to go away.      When they reached the lands of the Tlaxcalans in August of 1519, Cortes decided to make contact with them. The warlike Tlaxcalans had been enemies of the Aztecs for generations and had held out against their warlike neighbors. After two weeks of fighting, the Spanish gained the respect of the Tlaxcalans and in September they were invited to talk. Soon, an alliance was forged between the Spanish and the Tlaxcalans. Time and again, the Tlaxcalan warriors and porters which accompanied Cortes expedition would prove their value. The Cholula Massacre In October, Cortes and his men and allies passed through the city of Cholula, home of the cult to the god Quetzalcoatl. Cholula was not exactly a vassal of the Aztecs, but the Triple Alliance had much influence there. After spending a couple of weeks there, Cortes learned of a plot to ambush the Spanish when they left the city. Cortes summoned the leaders of the city to one of the squares and after berating them for treason, he ordered a massacre. His men and Tlaxcalan allies fell on the unarmed nobles, slaughtering thousands. This sent a powerful message to the rest of Mesoamerica not to trifle with the Spanish. Entry into Tenochtitlan and capture of Montezuma In November of 1519, the Spanish entered Tenochtitlan, capital of the Mexica people and leader of the Aztec Triple Alliance. They were welcomed by Montezuma and put in a sumptuous palace. The deeply religious Montezuma had dithered and fretted about the arrival of these foreigners, and did not oppose them. Within a couple of weeks, Montezuma had allowed himself to be taken hostage, a semi-willing guest of the intruders. The Spanish demanded all sorts of loot and food and while Montezuma did nothing, the people and warriors of the city began to get restless.   The Night of Sorrows In May of 1520, Cortes was forced to take most of his men and return to the coast to face a new threat: a large Spanish force, led by veteran conquistador Panfilo de Narvaez, sent by Governor Velazquez to rein him in. Although Cortes defeated Narvaez and added most of his men to his own army, things got out of hand in Tenochtitlan in his absence. On May 20, Pedro de Alvarado, who had been left in charge, ordered the massacre of unarmed nobles attending a religious festival, The enraged inhabitants of the city besieged the Spanish and even Montezumas intervention could not alleviate the tension. Cortes returned in late June and decided that the city could not be held. On the night of June 30, the Spanish tried to stealthily leave the city, but they were discovered and attacked. On what came to be known to the Spanish as the Night of Sorrows, hundreds of Spanish were killed. Cortes and most of his most important lieutenants survived, however, and they made their way back to friendly Tlaxcala to rest and regroup.   The Siege of Tenochtitlan While in Tlaxcala, the Spanish received reinforcements and supplies, rested, and prepared to take the city of Tenochtitlan. Cortes ordered the construction of thirteen brigantines, large boats which could sail or be rowed and which would tip the balance while assaulting the island.   Most importantly for the Spanish, an epidemic of smallpox broke out in Mesoamerica, slaying millions, including countless warriors and leaders of Tenochtitlan. This unspeakable tragedy was a great lucky break for Cortes, as his European soldiers were largely unaffected by this disease. The disease even struck down Cuitlhuac, the warlike new leader of the Mexica. In early 1521, everything was ready. The brigantines were launched and Cortes and his men marched on Tenochtitlan. Every day, Cortes top lieutenants - Gonzalo de Sandoval, Pedro de Alvarado and Cristobal de Olid - and their men assaulted the causeways leading into the city while Cortes, leading the small navy of brigantines, bombarded the city, ferried men, supplies and information around the lake, and scattered groups of Aztec war canoes. The relentless pressure proved effective, and the city was slowly worn down. Cortes sent enough of his men on raiding parties around the city to keep other city-states from coming to the relief of the Aztecs, and on August 13, 1521, when Emperor Cuauhtemoc was captured, resistance ended and the Spanish were able to take the smoldering city. Aftermath of the Conquest of the Aztec Empire Within two years, the Spanish invaders had taken down the most powerful city-state in Mesoamerica, and the implications were not lost on the remaining city-states in the region. There was sporadic fighting for decades to come, but in effect the conquest was a done deal. Cortes earned a title and vast lands, and stole most of the riches from his men by short-changing them when payments were made. Most of the conquistadors did receive large tracts of land, however. These were called encomiendas. In theory, the owner of an encomienda protected and educated the natives living there, but in reality it was a thinly-veiled form of slavery. The cultures and people meshed, sometimes violently, sometimes peacefully, and by 1810 Mexico was enough of its own nation and culture that it broke with Spain and became independent. Sources: Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. . Trans., ed. J.M. Cohen. 1576. London, Penguin Books, 1963. Print. Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. New York: Bantam, 2008. Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes and the Fall of Old Mexico. New York: Touchstone, 1993.