The Theory Of Macroeconomic Analysis Deals With Economic...

The theory of macroeconomic analysis deals with economic aggregates. This theory is very critical and important in decision making by planning agents in the economy (Mankiw, 2010). Macroeconomics analysis is of great and paramount importance to the three entities that comprise of any economy who are the households, firms and the government institution. The households in the economy are majorly interested in the macroeconomic analysis to determine and know how a slight change in general price level is likely to affect their welfare through what they can be able to purchase with the same level of nominal income. It is also very crucial to the households in explaining how changes in the nominal interest rates is likely to influence the cost of borrowing money by the households for investment purpose. Macroeconomics analysis looks at the aggregate effect of those changes putting into consideration all the households in the economy in order to come up with just one decision measure that i s characteristic of the overall economy (Samuelson, 2008). The firms in the economy consult macroeconomic analysis when they want to establish the effect of increased production in the market. They would like to be certain about whether such a move would be welcome by the consumers in the market and whether the consumers would have enough money to purchase the products or whether the aggregate national demand for the product is commensurate to the aggregate level of production for theShow MoreRelatedEssay Keynesian Economics1662 Words   |  7 Pages Macroeconomics is the branch of economics concerned with the aggregate, or overall, economy. Macroeconomics deals with economic factors such as total national output and income, unemployment, balance of payments, and the rate of inflation. It is distinct from microeconomics, which is the study of the composition of output such as the supply and demand for individual goods and services, the way they are traded in markets, and the pattern of their relative prices. At the basis of macroeconomicsRead MoreEssay about Monetarist and New Classical theories1452 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Explain the evolution of the Monetarist and New Classical theories. The monetarist analysis of the economy places a great deal of stress on the velocity of money, which is defined as the number of times a dollar bill change hands, on average, during the course of a year. The velocity of money is the rates of nominal GDP to the stock of money, or V=GDP/M= (P x Y) (M. Alternately, M x V=P x Y). The New Classical model, firms are assumed to be perfectly aggressive â€Å"price takers†, with no controlRead More Running The British Economy Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pages============ A study of economics in terms of whole systems especially with reference to general levels of output and income and to the interrelations among sectors of the economy is called macroeconomics. Macroeconomics is concerned with the behavior of the economy as a whole—with booms and recessions, the economy’s total output of goods and services and the growth of output, the rates of inflation and unemployment, the balance of payments, and exchange rates. Macroeconomics deals with the increaseRead MoreExamples of Macro and Micro Economics840 Words   |  4 Pages?Economics is a social science that mainly focuses on different fields of knowledge dealing with the proper distribution, allotment, production and consumption of resources. Economics has been divided into two significant branches; one of it being the microeconomics and the other one being the macroeconomics. Microeconomics can be easily understood through the term micro itself which means small, microeconomics focuses on small level that is to say it includes areas of individual decision makingRead MoreMicroeconomics : Define Any 10 Terms2481 Words   |  10 Pagesexamples where pertinent. 1) Macro Economics: Macroeconomics is a branch of economics, which deals with general economic factors including the national productivity and interest rates. It entails the study of behavior and aggregate economy and examines the wider phenomena of the economy. Examples of these changes include variations in the national income, inflation, unemployment rates, gross domestic rates, and price levels. 2) Model/ Theory: A business model/theory refers to a plan with which toRead MoreThree Pane Model1553 Words   |  7 Pagesresort to macroeconomic analysis to make rational judgments about the effects of global events or policy shocks on the economy and thereby on the business environment. But such analysis is often laden with possibilities for logical missteps. The Three- Pane model (open economy IS/LM model) is discussed here as a tool for explaining key relationships in the economy while avoiding the missteps encountered in macroeconomic analysis. What is open economy macroeconomics? Macroeconomic analysis helps firmsRead MoreDiscuss The Best Option For Australia And Will Justify The Rationale1706 Words   |  7 Pagespolicies for sustained economic growth. This paper will present a discussion on the definitions of each policy while examining their role in economy. Based on the obtained insights, the paper will discuss the best option for Australia and will justify the rationale. In the end, the discussion will be given a conclusive shape in which the key learning will be summarized and future context of policy implementations will be included. Definitions of Monetary Policy As a part of the economic policy, a monetaryRead MoreProduction Possibility Frontier ( Ppf ) Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology and factors of production. ïÆ'Ëœ Its slope is negative, shape is concave or bowed, points inside are inefficient, a point on the PPF are efficient and attainable, point above are unattainable and also require economic growth. ïÆ'Ëœ Economic growth is achieved by increasing the economics’ growth, ability to produce. 2. Opportunity cost is the value of next best option. Giving up one thing to do something else. ïÆ'Ëœ Parts of opportunity cost are explicit costly (money spent along the project to makeRead MoreThe Study of Economics3028 Words   |  13 PagesGROUP 3 ECONOMICS Standard and Higher Level INTRODUCTION The study of economics from an individual, a firm, a business, governmental and international perspectives are being increasingly important today. In the world of continuing globalization and technological developments, decisions made today by an individual or society can have a multiplier effects on other businesses and countries. Therefore, there is a need for an understanding of human experience and behaviour made in the economic environmentRead MoreGovernment Policies And The Economy Of A Country2228 Words   |  9 Pagescarried out. To begin with, macroeconomics analysis deals with the aggregate economic variables. It is concerned with the economy of the whole country and the measures the level and growth of aspects such as national income, employment, private and public spending and many others. It is very beneficial as it helps to study the economy in totality. Thus to analyse the behaviour and characteristics of an economy of a country. Furthermore, it aids in the development of the economic policy of the government

How An Casual Makeup - 752 Words

How to apply daily casual makeup? People at times feel oriented to apply casual make up before they leave their houses. This might be influenced by an activity that one will attend or basically just preferring to have a casual look during the day. You should note that despite which makeup type you are wearing, doing it in the right amount is always what will make you beautiful and more comfortable. For most women having a flawless skin which has few blemishes is a dream, always note that wearing less makeup especially during the day will help you achieve this. This article looks at proper ways of applying casual make up. Ensure that you have the right material Casual makeup does not mean that you have to purchase all the fancy, expensive makeups in a store. You can buy something which is inexpensive but of good quality. This lowers your budget and still helps you to look great. You should ensure that you have eye shadow, mascara, and concealer among others depending on your preference. Have a look at yourself and determine what will work for you Will a purple eye shadow look good on you and clearly ring out the hazel eyes or will it not make you feel comfortable. Will the eye liner suit you since it will match with your hair. These are some fundamental questions which you should ask yourself. You must be a good color coordinator for the colors to look good on you. Also ensure you take a look at the outfit and jewelry you will wear and make sure they somehow suit the make-up.Show MoreRelatedFashion Trends Shaped by Economic Issues Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted wearing make up around the eyes to make them look larger. Lipstick became popular to accent the upper lip and depth of the lower lip. Because women wanted to change their look with makeup, the makeup market started booming during this decade. Although you could buy makeup, few women still made their own makeup. They used soot for eyeshadow and petroleum jelly mixed with soot for mascara. Women began to wear heels, the most popular being the ankle-strap cuba n heeled shoe. They wore brimmed hatsRead MoreWhy I Don t Know About The College s Biggest Events Of The Season Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesGame Day Glam: Makeup, Hair, and Outfit {This post is brought to you by Flying Colors Apparel and Her Campus Media} Flying Colors Auburn Tigers Touchdown Twist Dress (â„…) // Ralph Lauren Jolie Fashion Sneaker Gianfranco Ferrà © Denim Jacket (there are so many stunning denim jacket options here!) Vintage Bandana (lots of cute scarves headband options here) With my acceptance to NYU, I’m exposed to so many new experiences. From doing my homework at an enormous library facility to getting my feetRead MoreI Went Go See Is Silly No More By Christian Gilliam1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmore, but I really thought he should ve used a new wall to seem he put effort into the background. The overall clothing of this play is semi-formal and also casual. Most characters were dressed casual and two characters dressed in business attire the whole time. There was only four male persona in this play and half wore casual and the other sharp, nice and bold clothing. At one point there was a male character dressed as an 80s dancer, like jerry curls and shimmering gold suit. Each characterRead MoreCreative Writing : Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Do you want formal or casual?† I chew on my lip. â€Å"Casual, I guess.† â€Å"Then I suggest we tie your hair back in a hairband and add some chapstick to your lips.† My lips curve before my giggle emerges. â€Å"I think thats a little too casual.† â€Å"How about I straighten your hair and add a little eye makeup?† â€Å"That sounds perfect, thank you.† â€Å"That will be $30, total.† While laying my palm flat on my bed, I twist my torso to face her. â€Å"How about all the details of my date?† She crosses an arm over her chestRead MorePersuasive Essay On Beauty1658 Words   |  7 Pages Beauty is a concept many find difficult to define, yet many would be able to offer a solution to make themselves more beautiful. If we do not know what beauty is, then how are we able to improve it? Plastic surgery has been gaining popularity and cultural support for decades now, even though there is substantial evidence to suggest that such procedures are dangerous and can lead to early death. For some, this risk is justified due to their unquenchable desire to become more beautiful. Pressure isRead MoreInstagram Is A Social Media Website And App Like Many Others1327 Words   |  6 Pagesand techniques. Makeup artists, are also known as MUA’s and can share small clips on how they got to achieve the makeup look. The most common type of clip posted on Instagram among the beauty community, involves women zooming in on their eyes, applying a piece of tape on their outer corner and sho wing the viewer how to get a perfect wing eyeliner. There are a variety of men and women posting different clips and new makeup looks. Makeup clips can range from drag queen loud makeup to natural. HairdressersRead MoreDressing for Success1566 Words   |  6 Pagesquality of their work. Too bad that’s not exactly how the world around us works today. No matter where you are whether it be a store, school, an interview or work someone will always be judging you on your appearance. The way one decides to dress every morning, reflects how they feel, especially how they feel about their job. If someone takes their position seriously and are ready to work every day, they will dress the part. They will show how serious they are because of their appearance. IfRead MoreMtv : The Decade Of Fashion1513 Words   |  7 PagesThrough TV influences people’s fashion, style, and makeup has slowly transformed from bright and bold to neutral tones over the years. Cable television became more accessible in the 1980s and by the middle of the decade 70 percent of the American population has a Cable Television that inspired people to follow popular TV shows’ fashion (Alexander). Dynasty came out as one of the most watched soap operas at the time and people began stealing fashion and makeup ideas from the show almost instantly, for exampleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Beauty And Beauty Pageants1433 Words   |  6 Pages fake eyelashes, wigs, and fake teeth to just complete half of their look. The other half to complete their look is a full face of makeup and dresses or suits that are over $600. To put the cherry on top you have to get a makeup artist and a pageant coach for the talent portion of the pageant. There are about 4 competition categories in each pageant. The cost of how they appear at the pageant is over $3,000 and to participate in a pageant is over $10,000. You are spending thousands of dollars onRead MoreCosmopolitan Magazine Analysis Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagesages of 18 and 39. Cosmo includes models of other ethnicities but places an emphasis on Caucasian females. This publication is also directed towards heterosexuals. While an occasional article will discuss the topic of homosexuality, the focus is on how heterosexual women can learn to be accepting and tolerant of â€Å"those girls.† There are two types of readers who will purchase Cosmopolitan: the one who refers to it as her bible and the other who enjoys a good laugh and the mere entertainment the monthly

The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-Two Free Essays

string(60) " was a sound she had heard before: the sound of the Aurora\." Chapter Twenty-Two Betrayal She woke to find a stranger shaking her arm, and then as Pantalaimon sprang awake and growled, she recognized Thorold. He was holding a naphtha lamp, and his hand was trembling. â€Å"Miss – miss – get up quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now I don’t know what to do. He’s left no orders. I think he’s mad, miss.† â€Å"What? What’s happening?† â€Å"Lord Asriel, miss. He’s been almost in a delirium since you went to bed. I’ve never seen him so wild. He packed a lot of instruments and batteries in a sledge and he harnessed up the dogs and left. But he’s got the boy, miss!† â€Å"Roger? He’s taken Roger?† â€Å"He told me to wake him and dress him, and I didn’t think to argue – I never have – the boy kept on asking for you, miss – but Lord Asriel wanted him alone – you know when you first came to the door, miss? And he saw you and couldn’t believe his eyes, and wanted you gone?† Lyra’s head was in such a whirl of weariness and fear that she could hardly think, but â€Å"Yes? Yes?† she said. â€Å"It was because he needed a child to finish his experiment, miss! And Lord Asriel has a way special to himself of bringing about what he wants, he just has to call for something and – â€Å" Now Lyra’s head was full of a roar, as if she were trying to stifle some knowledge from her own consciousness. She had got out of bed, and was reaching for her clothes, and then she suddenly collapsed, and a fierce cry of despair enveloped her. She was uttering it, but it was bigger than she was; it felt as if the despair were uttering her. For she remembered his words: the energy that links body and daemon is immensely powerful; and to bridge the gap between worlds needed a phenomenal burst of energy†¦. She had just realized what she’d done. She had struggled all this way to bring something to Lord Asriel, thinking she knew what he wanted; and it wasn’t the alethiometer at all. What he wanted was a child. She had brought him Roger. That was why he’d cried out, â€Å"I did not send for you!† when he saw her; he had sent for a child, and the fates had brought him his own daughter. Or so he’d thought, until she’d stepped aside and shown him Roger. Oh, the bitter anguish! She had thought she was saving Roger, and all the time she’d been diligently working to betray him†¦. Lyra shook and sobbed in a frenzy of emotion. It couldn’t be true. Thorold tried to comfort her, but he didn’t know the reason for her extremity of grief, and could only pat her shoulder nervously. â€Å"lorek – † she sobbed, pushing the servant aside. â€Å"Where’s lorek Byrnison? The bear? Is he still outside?† The old man shrugged helplessly. â€Å"Help me!† she said, trembling all over with weakness and fear. â€Å"Help me dress. I got to go. Now.1 Do it quick!† He put the lamp down and did as she told him. When she commanded, in that imperious way, she was very like her father, for all that her face was wet with tears and her lips trembling. While Pantalaimon paced the floor lashing his tail, his fur almost sparking, Thorold hastened to bring her stiff, reeking furs and help her into them. As soon as all the buttons were done up and all the flaps secured, she made for the door, and felt the cold strike her throat like a sword and freeze the tears at once on her cheeks. â€Å"lorek!† she called. â€Å"lorek Byrnison! Come, because I need you!† There was a shake of snow, a clank of metal, and the bear was there. He had been sleeping calmly under the falling snow. In the light spilling from the lamp Thorold was holding at the window, Lyra saw the long faceless head, the narrow eye slits, the gleam of white fur below red-black metal, and wanted to embrace him and seek some comfort from his iron helmet, his ice-tipped fur. â€Å"Well?† he said. â€Å"We got to catch Lord Asriel. He’s taken Roger and he’s a going to – I daren’t think – oh, lorek, I beg you, go quick, my dear!† â€Å"Come then,† he said, and she leaped on his back. There was no need to ask which way to go: the tracks of the sledge led straight out from the courtyard and over the plain, and lorek leaped forward to follow them. His motion was now so much a part of Lyra’s being that to sit balanced was entirely automatic. He ran over the thick snowy mantle on the rocky ground faster than he’d ever done, and the armor plates shifted under her in a regular swinging rhythm. Behind them, the other bears paced easily, pulling the fire hurler with them. The way was clear, for the moon was high and the light it cast over the snowbound world was as bright as it had been in the balloon: a world of bright silver and profound black. The tracks of Lord Asriel’s sledge ran straight toward a range of jagged hills, strange stark pointed shapes jutting up into a sky as black as the alethiometer’s velvet cloth. There was no sign of the sledge itself – or was there a feather touch of movement on the flank of the highest peak? Lyra peered ahead, straining her eyes, and Pantalaimon flew as high as he could and looked with an owl’s clear vision. â€Å"Yes,† he said, on her wrist a moment later; â€Å"it’s Lord Asriel, and he’s lashing his dogs on furiously, and there’s a boy in the back†¦.† Lyra felt lorek Byrnison change pace. Something had caught his attention. He was slowing and lifting his head to cast left and right. â€Å"What is it?† Lyra said. He didn’t say. He was listening intently, but she could hear nothing. Then she did hear something: a mysterious, vastly distant rustling and crackling. It was a sound she had heard before: the sound of the Aurora. You read "The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-Two" in category "Essay examples" Out of nowhere a veil of radiance had fallen to hang shimmering in the northern sky. All those unseen billions and trillions of charged particles, and possibly, she thought, of Dust, conjured a radiating glow out of the upper atmosphere. This was going to be a display more brilliant and extraordinary than any Lyra had yet seen, as if the Aurora knew the drama that was taking place below, and wanted to light it with the most awe-inspiring effects. But none of the bears were looking up: their attention was all on the earth. It wasn’t the Aurora, after all, that had caught lorek’s attention. He was standing stock-still now, and Lyra slipped off his back, knowing that his senses needed to cast around freely. Something was troubling him. Lyra looked around, back across the vast open plain leading to Lord Asriel’s house, back toward the tumbled mountains they’d crossed earlier, and saw nothing. The Aurora grew more intense. The first veils trembled and raced to one side, and jagged curtains folded and unfolded above, increasing in size and brilliance every minute; arcs and loops swirled across from horizon to horizon, and touched the very zenith with bows of radiance. She could hear more clearly than ever the immense singing hiss and swish of vast intangible forces. â€Å"Witches!† came a cry in a bear voice, and Lyra turned in joy and relief. But a heavy muzzle knocked her forward, and with no breath left to gasp she could only pant and shudder, for there in the place where she had been standing was the plume of a green-feathered arrow. The head and the shaft were buried in the snow. Impossible! she thought weakly, but it was true, for another arrow clattered off the armor of lorek, standing above her. These were not Serafina Pekkala’s witches; they were from another clan. They circled above, a dozen of them or more, swooping down to shoot and soaring up again, and Lyra swore with every word she knew. lorek Byrnison gave swift orders. It was clear that the bears were practiced at witch fighting, for they had moved at once into a defensive formation, and the witches moved just as smoothly into attack. They could only shoot accurately from close range, and in order not to waste arrows they would swoop down, fire at the lowest part of their dive, and turn upward at once. But when they reached the lowest point, and their hands were busy with bow and arrow, they were vulnerable, and the bears would explode upward with raking paws to drag them down. More than one fell, and was quickly dispatched. Lyra crouched low beside a rock, watching for a witch dive. A few shot at her, but the arrows fell wide; and then Lyra, looking up at the sky, saw the greater part of the witch flight peel off and turn back. If she was relieved by that, her relief didn’t last more than a few moments. Because from the direction in which they’d flown, she saw many others coming to join them; and in midair with them there was a group of gleaming lights; and across the broad expanse of the Svalbard plain, under the radiance of the Aurora, she heard a sound she dreaded. It was the harsh throb of a gas engine. The zeppelin, with Mrs. Coulter and her troops on board, was catching up. lorek growled an order and the bears moved at once into another formation. In the lurid flicker from the sky Lyra watched as they swiftly unloaded their fire hurler. The advance guard of the witch flight had seen them too, and began to swoop downward and rain arrows on them, but for the most part the bears trusted to their armor and worked swiftly to erect the apparatus: a long arm extending upward at an angle, a cup or bowl a yard across, and a great iron tank wreathed in smoke and steam. As she watched, a bright flame gushed out, and a team of bears swung into practiced action. Two of them hauled the long arm of the fire thrower down, another scooped shovelfuls of fire into the bowl, and at an order they released it, to hurl the flaming sulfur high into the dark sky. The witches were swooping so thickly above them that three fell in flames at the first shot alone, but it was soon clear that the real target was the zeppelin. The pilot either had never seen a fire hurler before, or was underestimating its power, for he flew straight on toward the bears without climbing or turning a fraction to either side. Then it became clear that they had a powerful weapon in the zeppelin too: a machine rifle mounted on the nose of the gondola. Lyra saw sparks flying up from some of the bears’ armor, and saw them huddle over beneath its protection, before she heard the rattle of the bullets. She cried out in fear. â€Å"They’re safe,† said lorek Byrnison. â€Å"Can’t pierce armor with little bullets.† The fire thrower worked again: this time a mass of blazing sulfur hurtled directly upward to strike the gondola and burst in a cascade of flaming fragments on all sides. The zeppelin banked to the left, and roared away in a wide arc before making again for the group of bears working swiftly beside the apparatus. As it neared, the arm of the fire thrower creaked downward; the machine rifle coughed and spat, and two bears fell, to a low growl from lorek Byrnison; and when the aircraft was nearly overhead, a bear shouted an order, and the spring-loaded arm shot upward again. This time the sulfur hurtled against the envelope of the zeppelin’s gas bag. The rigid frame held a skin of oiled silk in place to contain the hydrogen, and although this was tough enough to withstand minor scratches, a hundredweight of blazing rock was too much for it. The silk ripped straight through, and sulfur and hydrogen leaped to meet each other in a catastrophe of flame. At once the silk became transparent; the entire skeleton of the zeppelin was visible, dark against an inferno of orange and red and yellow, hanging in the air for what seemed like an impossibly long time before drifting to the ground almost reluctantly. Little figures black against the snow and the fire came tottering or running from it, and witches flew down to help drag them away from the flames. Within a minute of the zeppelin’s hitting the ground it was a mass of twisted metal, a pall of smoke, and a few scraps of fluttering fire. But the soldiers on board, and the others too (though Lyra was too far away by now to spot Mrs. Coulter, she knew she was there), wasted no time. With the help of the witches they dragged the machine gun out and set it up, and began to fight in earnest on the ground. â€Å"On,† said lorek. â€Å"They will hold out for a long time.† He roared, and a group of bears peeled away from the main group and attacked the Tartars’ right flank. Lyra could feel his desire to be there among them, but all the time her nerves were screaming: On! On! and her mind was filled with pictures of Roger and Lord Asriel; and lorek Byrnison knew, and turned up the mountain and away from the fight, leaving his bears to hold back the Tartars. On they climbed. Lyra strained her eyes to look ahead, but not even Pantalaimon’s owl eyes could see any movement on the flank of the mountain they were climbing. Lord Asriel’s sledge tracks were clear, however, and lorek followed them swiftly, loping through the snow and kicking it high behind them as he ran. Whatever happened behind now was simply that: behind. Lyra had left it. She felt she was leaving the world altogether, so remote and intent she was, so high they were climbing, so strange and uncanny was the light that bathed them. â€Å"lorek,† she said, â€Å"will you find Lee Scoresby?† â€Å"Alive or dead, I will find him.† â€Å"And if you see Serafina Pekkala†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I will tell her what you did.† â€Å"Thank you, lorek,† she said. They spoke no more for some time. Lyra felt herself moving into a kind of trance beyond sleep and waking: a state of conscious dreaming, almost, in which she was dreaming that she was being carried by bears to a city in the stars. She was going to say something about it to lorek Byrnison, when he slowed down and came to a halt. â€Å"The tracks go on,† said lorek Byrnison. â€Å"But I cannot.† Lyra jumped down and stood beside him to look. He was standing at the edge of a chasm. Whether it was a crevasse in the ice or a fissure in the rock was hard to say, and made little difference in any case; all that mattered was that it plunged downward into unfathomable gloom. And the tracks of Lord Asriel’s sledge ran to the brink†¦ and on, across a bridge of compacted snow. This bridge had clearly felt the strain of the sledge’s weight, for a crack ran across it close to the other edge of the chasm, and the surface on the near side of the crack had settled down a foot or so. It might support the weight of a child: it would certainly not stand under the weight of an armored bear. And Lord Asriel’s tracks ran on beyond the bridge and further up the mountain. If she went on, it would have to be by herself. Lyra turned to lorek Byrnison. â€Å"I got to go across,† she said. â€Å"Thank you for all you done. I don’t know what’s going to happen when I get to him. We might all die, whether I get to him or not. But if I come back, I’ll come and see you to thank you properly, King lorek Byrnison.† She laid a hand on his head. He let it lie there and nodded gently. â€Å"Goodbye, Lyra Silvertongue,† he said. Her heart thumping painfully with love, she turned away and set her foot on the bridge. The snow creaked under her, and Pantalaimon flew up and over the bridge, to settle in the snow on the far side and encourage her onward. Step after step she took, and wondered with every step whether it would be better to run swiftly and leap for the other side, or go slowly as she was doing and tread as lightly as possible. Halfway across there came another loud creak from the snow; a piece fell off near her feet and tumbled into the abyss, and the bridge settled down another few inches against the crack. She stood perfectly still. Pantalaimon was crouched, leopard-formed, ready to leap down and reach for her. The bridge held. She took another step, then another, and then she felt something settling down below her feet and leaped for the far side with all her strength. She landed belly-down in the snow as the entire length of the bridge fell into the crevasse with a soft whoosh behind her. Pantalaimon’s claws were in her furs, holding tight. After a minute she opened her eyes and crawled up away from the edge. There was no way back. She stood and raised her hand to the watching bear. lorek Byrnison stood on his hind legs to acknowledge her, and then turned and made off down the mountain in a swift run to help his subjects in the battle with Mrs. Coulter and the soldiers from the zeppelin. Lyra was alone. How to cite The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-Two, Essay examples

Hanoverian Monarchy and Culture of Representation †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Hanoverian Monarchy and Culture of Representation. Answer: Introduction Although the people of the Scottish have displayed strong sense of pride for the nation, but referendum on the national Independence, in the year 2014 had sparked into them a renewed interest regarding the Jocobites Rebellion in Scotland. The Jacobite Rebellion also known as the Jacobite Rising started during the year 1603, started with the ascension of James I, to the English throne. However in protest of the Jacobite wars in the year 1715 and 1745, Scottish folk singer Ewan Maccoll with his wife presented two rebellion songs that related the history of the Scottish rebellion (Plank and Geoffrey). However, it has also been stated that the music during the Jacobite Rebellion was regarded as romanticized music in Scotland. The Jacobite rebellion was not successful in defeating the British, and that had led to the famous battle known as the Battle of Culloden. During the eighteenth century, without the advent of social media and internet, music used to play an important role influencin g the sentiments of people in relation to the Jacobite Rebellion. The essay will elucidates on the major aspect of the music of the Jacobite Rebellion during the eighteenth century. During the time of the Jacobite Rebellion in 18th century, it was a turning point in the British history, as Charles Stewart decided to invade Britain in order to get back their throne. It was an unsuccessful battle that had led to the famous battle, known as the Battle of Culloden (Paoletti). However at that time in order to influence the sentiments of the Jacob people and to bring and unite all Jacobites together to fight against the Britain, the rebellion songs during that time played a significant role. For instance the song For the Sake o Somebody by Robert Burns mainly highlighted the true spirit of the Jacobite ballads. As quoted in the song, My heart is sair- I dare Na tell-.. My heart is sair for somebody I wad do- what wad I not? The ballads displayed melancholy and sorrow of the Jacobites that strives to display the respect and loyalty of the Jacobites for their monarchs and accordingly it also tried to showed their love, affection and respect for their missing leaders (Wa llace and Ghoshal). Basically this song was sung by Robert Burns in order to pay tribute to their famous ruler, Charles Stewart. It has also been mentioned that the Jacobites were tend to believe to be the royal supporters of the Stewart of Scotland and by singing the rebellion songs, the Jacobites not only try to communicate with their famous ruler, but they also tend to express their emotional sentiments through the songs and ballads. Apart from this, with the use of various ballads the Jacobites tend to craft a new identity for themselves and fir their Scotland, so that they could get back their missing leader. During the time of the Jacobites rebellion it has been said that the music used for political purpose was not a new thing to the Jacobites, as folk songs of that time were sang with the intention to sway away opinion of the public and also for gaining much support from the people. Apart from this, music tends to play a key role in politics by expressing the inner feeling o f the singers and views and expression of the general mass in order to bring support related to various issues. In the case of Jacobites rebellion, the songs and the ballad were strongly connected with the traditional Celtic music that observed the expression of the music as a major key aspect to the lives of people (Pittock). Apart from this through their music and ballads, the Scottish Jacobites used to praise their heroes and leaders; they also used to attack their enemies and importantly through music Jacobites tend to set new ideas in order to get back their country. It is important to note that it was not very easy for the Jacobites to comprehend in between the romantic and the nostalgic nature of the Jacobian music in relation to the historical events. At the time of the Jacobite Rebellion, the traditional music mainly the folk song was marginalized. However the nature of the music changed by some notable singers of that era, that includes Peter Kennedy, Alan Lomax, Hamish Henderson and more. They used to collect their songs through recording cd and cassettes and tried to reach out to large number of Jacobites to support the movement (Elfring). It was considered that the eighteenth century was a disturbed situation for the Scottish Jacobites. With the dethroned of the King James II, the loyal supporters of the Stewart found themselves in the dangerous situation with the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs. As the Jacobites were losing their all hopes to get back their old monarchical rule and their rule, the rebellion music of that time influenced and encourage them to get united and to fight against the new monarch. However, the rebellion songs given them a new sense of spirit to rise and to fight against the Britain rule. As the Jacobites comprised of a complex group that consisted of people of people from highlands and Lowland Scotland, the people of the Scotland had people from different religion and culture. Therefore, in order to bring them together to support the rebellion, the Jacobites music played a major role (Donaldson). For instance, one such song to raise the spirit within the Jacobites was the Ye Jacobites by Name, it was basically a traditional folk song of the Scottish was focussed mainly to rouse rebel against the movement. The song challenged the new monarch that dethroned their own leader and apart from that the song also spoke about the misery of the people of Scotland. It is important to note that the with the similarities in ideological concept, individuals from different perspectives came together to f ought against the same movement, and the music during that time gave them a feeling of nationality and towards their leader (Helsinger). During the complex situation of the eighteenth century that was way back to the year 1715 and 1745, the situation in Scotland was very complex and that was epitomized by the Jacobian ballads. The canon of the Jacobite was the most famous Jacobites songs that remained popular till the present day. The songs comprises of different things that includes songs related to war, melancholic chants, love songs, nostalgic songs and more. The popularity of the tunes of Jacobites songs helped in popularizing most of the ballads during that time. One of the famous balladeers of that time was James Hogg, who collected all the songs of that time including his own songs and printed all the songs under the Jacobite collection. As per the report, more than three hundred ballads have been collected from different sources during the Jacobian movement (Nelson). The ballads were composed mostly by the anonymous individuals were similar to the Jacobian ballads and highlighted the situation of that time per iod. According to the Malcolm Law, ballads in Britain had been divided in to two categories that includes popular and the traditional ballad, however the Jacobian ballads did not fall in this category as the ballads were mixtures of various styles (Pittock). Furthermore, it has also been stated that the Jacobian ballads were used to communicate emotional concepts and ideas with the people all around. The Scottish Jacobian ballads are similar to that of the British ballads as it used to tell stories in small segments. As noted by David Fowler, ballads were being sung by non-professional people in all ranks of society in both the urban and rural districts of England and Scotland. The Jacobites were merely not much interested in reforming old idea; they planned to create new ideas and concepts in order to give a new identity to Scotland. The music of the rebellion helped the Jacobites to establish new ideas and concept so that they could get back their old monarchical rule and could li ve in harmony. Furthermore, popular folk songs were also used in the ballads and to make the ballads more influential and appealing to the lower class people of the Jacobite ballads and songs were incorporated with more traditional content. As per the research, it has been noted that majority of the Jacobites people were able to relate all the ballads and folk song to their national identity (Blanning). Apart from the ballads, the music during that time also played an important role. During the year 1750, Italians used to reside in Scotland and they worked as a composer at that time that includes Giusto Tenducci, Nicolo Pasquaili and more. One of the famous composers during the Jacobian regime was Thomas Erskine, who has also been regarded as the first known Scot that introduced the symphony (Craven, Peter, and Malcolm). Apart from this one of the famous song of Charles Stewart was the My King has landed from Moidart that explains the rising of the Jacobite Rebellion that is the march of Stewart in order to invade Britain. Other songs of Charlie Stewart includes The Roses of Prince Charlie, We won't hear our leader run down and more and in all of his songs, Stewart praised the Jacobite leader Stewarts (Ryrie). Prior to this, the songs of the two Scottish rebellions that consisted of the Ewan Maccoll and Peggy Seeger sang traditional folk songs of the Jacobian regime. Their song incl udes Charlie Hes My Darling, Waes me for Prince Charlie and more. In the year 1745, during the battle of Culloden, between the Jacobites and the Britain, the Jacobite armies were slaughtered and were defeated in the battle. The defeat of the Jacobites was also mentioned in the form of songs and ballads so that the people of Scotland could understand the rebellion movement of the Jacobites (Womack). This had resulted in great changes with the people of the Highland and Lowland Scotland that led to the destruction of the clan system in Scotland. There was a misconception that that the bagpipes had been banned after the Culloden war but bagpipes in Scotland used to strengthen the Gaelic culture during the Jacobian regime (Talbot). However, other than the songs there were several ballads that were used as the symbol for the Jacobites that include The Grab of the Brave, The Proud Paid and more. One of the famous ballad that the wind has blawd my plaid Awa represented their king Charles a t the time he was exiled to France. The ballad explained though the Britain had taken away their king from them, but they have their sword with themselves. This showed that Jacobites still hoped that their king would return to them and it provided them a spirit of unity. Another example is the The Bonny Highland Laddie that praised the virtues of the Charles and wished that their king should return to his own land (Elfring). Many Jacobite symbols were used in ballad and folk song in order to show the support towards the Jacobite rebellion that includes deer, lions, oak tree and more (Paoletti). Apart from this, mythology of the Jacobites people played a major role in the Scottish ballad and songs that claimed for autonomy and independence of the Jacobites in Scotland. As per the report, more than three hundred ballads comprised of the politics and the history of Scottish. Conclusion From the above essay it could be concluded that music and ballads during the Jacobite rebellion, played a significant role in bringing all the Jacobites people together in order to fight against the movement. Apart from this, many ballads and folk song spoke about their leader and it also showed the respect, love and loyalty towards their leader. The music during the Jacobian regimes helped in bringing all the Jacobites together and according developed a sense of spirit within them. Moreover, the Jacobite movement and the famous Culloden war had a great impact on the traditional music of Scotland. References Blanning, Tim. "The Hanoverian Monarchy and the Culture of Representation."The Hanoverian Succession. Routledge, (2016). 145-162. Craven, Peter Graham, and Malcolm Law. "Prediction of signals." U.S. Patent No. 9,106,241. 11 Aug. (2015). Donaldson, William. "POEMS on the Streets."The Oxford Handbook of British Poetry, 1660-1800(2016): 1. Elfring, T. A. "A Conflict in Song: Whig and Jacobite Ballad Culture in Eighteenth Century Scotland." (2017). Elfring, T. A. "A Conflict in Song: Whig and Jacobite Ballad Culture in Eighteenth Century Scotland." (2017). Helsinger, Elizabeth. "Taking back the Ballad: Swinburne in the 1860s."Victorian Poetry54.4 (2016): 477-496. Maher, Richard. "POEMS FROM THE PRISON YARDa poetic correspondence between Charles Wogan and William Tunstall."History Ireland25.2 (2017): 20-23. Nelson, Holly Faith. "Singing more old songs than ever ploughman could: The Songs of James Hogg and Robert Burns in the Musical Marketplace."James Hogg and the Literary Marketplace. Routledge, (2016). 139-154. Paoletti, Ciro. "The Battle of Culloden: A Pivotal Moment in World History."Journal of Military History81.1 (2017). Pittock, Murray. "James Hogg: Scottish Romanticism, Song, and the Public Sphere."James Hogg and the Literary Marketplace. Routledge, (2016). 127-138. Pittock, Murray.The Invention of Scotland (Routledge Revivals): The Stuart Myth and the Scottish Identity, 1638 to the Present. Routledge, (2014). Plank, Geoffrey.Rebellion and Savagery: The Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the British Empire. University of Pennsylvania Press, (2015). Ryrie, Alec. "Music Reconciled to Preaching: A Jacobean Moment?."Worship and the Parish Church in Early Modern Britain. Routledge, (2016). 121-142. Talbot, Michael. "Maurice Greenes Vocal Chamber Music on Italian Texts."Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle48.1 (2017): 91-124. Wallace, Tara Ghoshal. "Historical Redgauntlet: Jacobite Delusions and Hanoverian Fantasies."Romanticism21.2 (2015): 145-159. Womack, Peter.Improvement and romance: constructing the myth of the Highlands. Springer, (2015).

Investigate if there is any correlation between the GDP per capita ($) of a country and the life expectancy at birth (years) Essay Example

Investigate if there is any correlation between the GDP per capita ($) of a country and the life expectancy at birth (years) Essay My aim is to investigate if there is any correlation between the GDP per capita ($) of a country and the life expectancy at birth (years). The GDP is the gross domestic product or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar ($) estimates are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. The GDP per capita ($) shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population. The life expectancy at birth shows the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. It shows the life expectancy on average for the total population for male and females. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate if there is any correlation between the GDP per capita ($) of a country and the life expectancy at birth (years) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate if there is any correlation between the GDP per capita ($) of a country and the life expectancy at birth (years) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate if there is any correlation between the GDP per capita ($) of a country and the life expectancy at birth (years) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reason for doing this investigation is that I have seen a lot of documentaries and read a lot of articles in the newspaper which have talked about how the gap between rich and poor has increased. This has led to a poorer quality of life in developing countries. So I wanted to see if there was any link between how rich a country is per person and what on average is the life expectancy for a person is in that country. This will help me get a better understanding of how rich a country is how much it affects the quality of life. This is the reason why I think the investigation is worth doing. Data collection: The data I collected was the GDP per capita using the purchasing power parity ($) and the life expectancy at birth (years). I have collected data for these two variables from the whole world. So my population is defined as the whole world. I obtained the data from the www.CIA.gov and clicked on the world fact book. I got 239 pieces of data originally for both then I had to reject 11 pieces of data for both because some countries did not have any data for the GDP. So from the 228 I used a sampling method of choosing every 4th country on the list until I narrowed my sample to 50 countries. I chose every 4th number because when you divide 228 by 50 and choose the integer number you get 4 this ensures this is a random sampled number which provides the most representative sample from the population. I used a systematic sampling method. The list was in alphabetical order and not in rank order for both variables so by using this method Im not creating any bias. Since the data is from the CI A website I must presume that the data is accurate and reliable. Here is a table of my data which has been systematically sampled to show 50 pairs of data: Country GDP per capita, Purchasing Power Parity ($) Life expectancy at birth (years) American Samoa 8000 75.75 Anguilla 8600 76.7 Armenia 3600 66.68 Bahamas, The 15300 65.71 Barbados 15000 71.84 Benin 1100 51.08 Bolivia 2500 64.78 British Virgin Islands 16000 76.06 Burma 1700 55.79 Cameroon 1700 48.05 Central African Republic 1200 41.71 China 4700 72.22 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 600 48.93 Cote dIvoire 1400 42.65 Djibouti 1300 43.13 East Timor 500 65.2 El Salvador 4600 70.62 Ethiopia 700 41.24 French Guiana 14400 76.69 Gambia, The 1800 54.38 Ghana 2000 56.53 Grenada 5000 64.52 Guatemala 3900 65.23 Guinea-Bissau 700 46.97 Honduras 2500 66.65 India 2600 63.62 Iraq 2400 67.81 Jersey 24800 78.93 Kenya 1100 45.22 Korea, South 19600 75.36 Laos 1800 54.3 Liberia 1000 48.15 Macau 18500 81.87 Malaysia 8800 71.67 Malta 17200 78.43 Martinique 10700 78.72 Mayotte 600 60.6 Monaco 27000 79.27 Morocco 3900 70.04 Nauru 5000 61.95 New Caledonia 14000 73.52 Nigeria 900 51.01 Pakistan 2000 62.2 Papua New Guinea 2100 64.19 Philippines 4600 69.29 Reunion 5600 73.43 Saint Helena 2500 77.38 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 11000 78.11 San Marino 34600 81.43 Saudi Arabia 11400 68.73 Modelling procedures: I am going to do a scatter diagram of GDP per capita against life expectancy at birth for my 50 pairs of data to see if there is any correlation. A scatter diagram is an appropriate modeling procedure as it shows a clear relationship between two random variables. As you can see from the scatter diagram the points form a relationship which appears to be a curve so to try to establish a more linear relationship. I am going to do this by first logging my data for the GDP per capita and not logging the life expectancy data and then do a scatter diagram of this data. I am then going to log the life expectancy data but not the GDP per capita data and do a scatter diagram of this data. Then finally I am going to log both my data for GDP per capita and the life expectancy at birth and do a scatter diagram. I am going to check which scatter diagram gives the strongest linear correlation and thats the data Im going to chose. Country Life expectancy at birth (years) Log of GDP per capita, Purchasing Power Parity ($) American Samoa 75.75 3.903089987 Anguilla 76.7 3.934498451 Armenia 66.68 3.556302501 Bahamas, The 65.71 4.184691431 Barbados 71.84 4.176091259 Benin 51.08 3.041392685 Bolivia 64.78 3.397940009 British Virgin Islands 76.06 4.204119983 Burma 55.79 3.230448921 Cameroon 48.05 3.230448921 Central African Republic 41.71 3.079181246 China 72.22 3.672097858 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 48.93 2.77815125 Cote dIvoire 42.65 3.146128036 Djibouti 43.13 3.113943352 East Timor 65.2 2.698970004 El Salvador 70.62 3.662757832 Ethiopia 41.24 2.84509804 French Guiana 76.69 4.158362492 Gambia, The 54.38 3.255272505 Ghana 56.53 3.301029996 Grenada 64.52 3.698970004 Guatemala 65.23 3.591064607 Guinea-Bissau 46.97 2.84509804 Honduras 66.65 3.397940009 India 63.62 3.414973348 Iraq 67.81 3.380211242 Jersey 78.93 4.394451681 Kenya 45.22 3.041392685 Korea, South 75.36 4.292256071 Laos 54.3 3.255272505 Liberia 48.15 3 Macau 81.87 4.267171728 Malaysia 71.67 3.944482672 Malta 78.43 4.235528447 Martinique 78.72 4.029383778 Mayotte 60.6 2.77815125 Monaco 79.27 4.431363764 Morocco 70.04 3.591064607 Nauru 61.95 3.698970004 New Caledonia 73.52 4.146128036 Nigeria 51.01 2.954242509 Pakistan 62.2 3.301029996 Papua New Guinea 64.19 3.322219295 Philippines 69.29 3.662757832 Reunion 73.43 3.748188027 Saint Helena 77.38 3.397940009 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 78.11 4.041392685 San Marino 81.43 4.539076099 Saudi Arabia 68.73 4.056904851 Country GDP per capita, Purchasing Power Parity ($) Log of Life expectancy at birth Log (years) American Samoa 8000 1.879382637 Anguilla 8600 1.884795364 Armenia 3600 1.823995591 Bahamas, The 15300 1.817631467 Barbados 15000 1.856366324 Benin 1100 1.708250889 Bolivia 2500 1.811440944 British Virgin Islands 16000 1.881156321 Burma 1700 1.746556361 Cameroon 1700 1.681693392 Central African Republic 1200 1.62024019 China 4700 1.858657484 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 600 1.689575216 Cote dIvoire 1400 1.629919036 Djibouti 1300 1.634779458 East Timor 500 1.814247596 El Salvador 4600 1.848927713 Ethiopia 700 1.615318657 French Guiana 14400 1.884738738 Gambia, The 1800 1.735439203 Ghana 2000 1.752278985 Grenada 5000 1.809694359 Guatemala 3900 1.814447379 Guinea-Bissau 700 1.67182056 Honduras 2500 1.823800154 India 2600 1.803593665 Iraq 2400 1.831293744 Jersey 24800 1.897242103 Kenya 1100 1.655330558 Korea, South 19600 1.87714089 Laos 1800 1.73479983 Liberia 1000 1.682596291 Macau 18500 1.91312479 Malaysia 8800 1.855337404 Malta 17200 1.894482215 Martinique 10700 1.896085085 Mayotte 600 1.782472624 Monaco 27000 1.899108858 Morocco 3900 1.845346137 Nauru 5000 1.792041311 New Caledonia 14000 1.866405498 Nigeria 900 1.707655324 Pakistan 2000 1.793790385 Papua New Guinea 2100 1.807467376 Philippines 4600 1.840670561 Reunion 5600 1.865873528 Saint Helena 2500 1.888628725 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 11000 1.892706638 San Marino 34600 1.910784435 Saudi Arabia 11400 1.837146344 Country Log of GDP per capita, Purchasing Power Parity Log ($) Log of Life expectancy at birth Log (years) American Samoa 3.903089987 1.879382637 Anguilla 3.934498451 1.884795364 Armenia 3.556302501 1.823995591 Bahamas, The 4.184691431 1.817631467 Barbados 4.176091259 1.856366324 Benin 3.041392685 1.708250889 Bolivia 3.397940009 1.811440944 British Virgin Islands 4.204119983 1.881156321 Burma 3.230448921 1.746556361 Cameroon 3.230448921 1.681693392 Central African Republic 3.079181246 1.62024019 China 3.672097858 1.858657484 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 2.77815125 1.689575216 Cote dIvoire 3.146128036 1.629919036 Djibouti 3.113943352 1.634779458 East Timor 2.698970004 1.814247596 El Salvador 3.662757832 1.848927713 Ethiopia 2.84509804 1.615318657 French Guiana 4.158362492 1.884738738 Gambia, The 3.255272505 1.735439203 Ghana 3.301029996 1.752278985 Grenada 3.698970004 1.809694359 Guatemala 3.591064607 1.814447379 Guinea-Bissau 2.84509804 1.67182056 Honduras 3.397940009 1.823800154 India 3.414973348 1.803593665 Iraq 3.380211242 1.831293744 Jersey 4.394451681 1.897242103 Kenya 3.041392685 1.655330558 Korea, South 4.292256071 1.87714089 Laos 3.255272505 1.73479983 Liberia 3 1.682596291 Macau 4.267171728 1.91312479 Malaysia 3.944482672 1.855337404 Malta 4.235528447 1.894482215 Martinique 4.029383778 1.896085085 Mayotte 2.77815125 1.782472624 Monaco 4.431363764 1.899108858 Morocco 3.591064607 1.845346137 Nauru 3.698970004 1.792041311 New Caledonia 4.146128036 1.866405498 Nigeria 2.954242509 1.707655324 Pakistan 3.301029996 1.793790385 Papua New Guinea 3.322219295 1.807467376 Philippines 3.662757832 1.840670561 Reunion 3.748188027 1.865873528 Saint Helena 3.397940009 1.888628725 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4.041392685 1.892706638 San Marino 4.539076099 1.910784435 Saudi Arabia 4.056904851 1.837146344 You can see from the scatter diagrams that the log of GDP per capita against the life expectancy shows the strongest linear correlation so that is the one I am going to choose. Therefore this means that I am going to use the data for log of GDP per capita and the life expectancy at birth. From the scatter diagram I can see that there is a positive correlation between the two variables. From looking at the scatter diagram I can see that the data takes an elliptical shape. Since the ellipse appears to be quite narrow it implies that there is a good positive correlation i.e. as one variable increases, so does the other. Therefore the data shows a clear linear relationship. Another technique that I am going to use is a histogram because you are able to see the distribution clearly and able to determine whether I can use Pearsons product moment correlation (PMCC) or Spearmans coefficient of rank order. I am going to draw a histogram for each variable and if the distribution is not normally distributed I shall use Spearmans and if it is I shall use PMCC. As the histograms roughly show a normal distribution I am going to use PMCC method. Analysis: Now I am going to calculate the PMCC with the help of Microsoft Excel. x y x2 y2 XY 75.75 3.903089987 5738.063 15.23411 295.6591 76.7 3.934498451 5882.89 15.48028 301.776 66.68 3.556302501 4446.222 12.64729 237.1343 65.71 4.184691431 4317.804 17.51164 274.9761 71.84 4.176091259 5160.986 17.43974 300.0104 51.08 3.041392685 2609.166 9.250069 155.3543 64.78 3.397940009 4196.448 11.546 220.1186 76.06 4.204119983 5785.124 17.67462 319.7654 55.79 3.230448921 3112.524 10.4358 180.2267 48.05 3.230448921 2308.803 10.4358 155.2231 41.71 3.079181246 1739.724 9.481357 128.4326 72.22 3.672097858 5215.728 13.4843 265.1989 48.93 2.77815125 2394.145 7.718124 135.9349 42.65 3.146128036 1819.023 9.898122 134.1824 43.13 3.113943352 1860.197 9.696643 134.3044 65.2 2.698970004 4251.04 7.284439 175.9728 70.62 3.662757832 4987.184 13.41579 258.664 41.24 2.84509804 1700.738 8.094583 117.3318 76.69 4.158362492 5881.356 17.29198 318.9048 54.38 3.255272505 2957.184 10.5968 177.0217 56.53 3.301029996 3195.641 10.8968 186.6072 64.52 3.698970004 4162.83 13.68238 238.6575 65.23 3.591064607 4254.953 12.89575 234.2451 46.97 2.84509804 2206.181 8.094583 133.6343 66.65 3.397940009 4442.223 11.546 226.4727 63.62 3.414973348 4047.504 11.66204 217.2606 67.81 3.380211242 4598.196 11.42583 229.2121 78.93 4.394451681 6229.945 19.31121 346.8541 45.22 3.041392685 2044.848 9.250069 137.5318 75.36 4.292256071 5679.13 18.42346 323.4644 54.3 3.255272505 2948.49 10.5968 176.7613 48.15 3 2318.423 9 144.45 81.87 4.267171728 6702.697 18.20875 349.3533 71.67 3.944482672 5136.589 15.55894 282.7011 78.43 4.235528447 6151.265 17.9397 332.1925 78.72 4.029383778 6196.838 16.23593 317.1931 60.6 2.77815125 3672.36 7.718124 168.356 79.27 4.431363764 6283.733 19.63698 351.2742 70.04 3.591064607 4905.602 12.89575 251.5182 61.95 3.698970004 3837.803 13.68238 229.1512 73.52 4.146128036 5405.19 17.19038 304.8233 51.01 2.954242509 2602.02 8.727549 150.6959 62.2 3.301029996 3868.84 10.8968 205.3241 64.19 3.322219295 4120.356 11.03714 213.2533 69.29 3.662757832 4801.104 13.41579 253.7925 73.43 3.748188027 5391.965 14.04891 275.2294 77.38 3.397940009 5987.664 11.546 262.9326 78.11 4.041392685 6101.172 16.33285 315.6732 81.43 4.539076099 6630.845 20.60321 369.617 68.73 4.056904851 4723.813 16.45848 278.8311 Totals 3224.34 179.0276425 215012.6 653.5361 11793.26 This shows that my variables have a good positive correlation. I am now going to carry out a hypothesis test on the correlation coefficient to see if there is enough evidence from my sample to conclude that there is correlation in the whole population. : ? = 0 (There is no correlation between the two variables in all the countries in the world) : ? 0 (Positive Correlation) N= 50 I will be doing a one tail test at the 5% significant level So the critical value = 0.2353 So 0.833872644 0.2353 Therefore I can conclude that there is enough evidence from the sample to say that I accept that there is a positive correlation. Regression line The equation of the regression line is: As you can see on the page here is my scatter diagram with the regression line drawn on it which was all done in excel. This is Y upon X regression line. Interpretation: From the investigation that I have carried out I have discovered that that there is a positive correlation between my two sets of data which is shown on my graph and regression line. The aim of my investigation was to see if there is any correlation between the GDP per capita ($) of a country and the life expectancy at birth (years). I can now confidently say that I have achieved my aim as there is a positive correlation as predicted. The sample that I took is of the whole world and is a good representation of the whole population. By using the correlation results I can predict if there was a country with a low GDP then it is expected that they have a low average life expectancy. This trend would be expected for every country in a similar position but some countries may incur lower life expectancies than normal due to some external factor e.g. war, outbreak of a new disease or some sort of natural disaster. But regardless of these exceptions they shall not affect the overall correlation. I think that this data was worth investigating and collecting because I now realise how important the GDP per capita of a country is in affecting how long a person lives and how the higher the GDP the better the quality of life is for a person. This investigation has shown that people living in developing countries are more likely to die at a young age and will not have such a high quality of life as we enjoy in a country like the UK. I also think this investigation will act as very good evidence to try and convince richer nations to help poorer ones. This data should be given to an organisation like the United Nations to try an act as a catalyst to convince them to do something about this before it is too late. Accuracy and refinements: One possible source of error was that the data may have been displayed incorrectly on the website or I may have copied it incorrectly. I would improve this by comparing data from a number of different sources to ensure accurate and reliable results. The sampling method that I used could have been a possible source of error. This is because my systematic sample only included every 4th so for example every 3rd did not have a chance to be chosen. I could have improved my sampling method by using simple random sampling instead of systematic sampling. Simple random sampling ensures that every item of data has an equal chance of being chosen. This is a very important factor in ensuring the reliability of my work. Even though the data is very reliable there are some improvements that could be made. First of all the data was only collected for a given year in my case it was for 2003. For more accurate data I could have used data over five years to see if there is actually a difference and to see if for example at that given years there may have been a low life expectancy due to an external factor like war or disease. Also the sample was only from 228 countries and there are more countries in the world so a more fair representation would be to random sample from every country in the world. This was not possible because my source did not include some of these countries due to political reasons and from lack of information for those countries. In my investigation I had to reject 11 statistics for 11 countries this reduced the randomness of my sample. I would improve this by making sure that data was available for every item in the parent population. Overall I am very happy with the accuracy and reliability of my data because I got it from a very reliable source which was www.CIA.gov. Having a reliable source for my data enables me to achieve my aim of a positive correlation.

violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essays

By focusing on street crime/violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essays By focusing on street crime/violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essay By focusing on street crime/violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essay In order to discuss the above proposition, with reference to crimes such as domestic violence and child abuse, I shall need to investigate several themes and discourses ; essentially the term dangerousness and why, when we focus on a particular site of crime, do we marginalize other potential sites? I will also be looking at how we define the more powerful groups in society; what is perceived as real crime and does family violence/abuse fall within these parameters. Does the media focus on street crime and violence, ensuring that the crimes of the powerful stay out of the publics vision, and if so, why? The issues surrounding crime, the powerful and, indeed offences within the home are contested and complex. To enable us to look at why the media ignores crimes of the more powerful members of society, I will consider the feminist view of conjugal violence and child abuse, then touch upon the area of corporate crime, in order to exhume the hidden crimes of the powerful. Thus, showing crime can, and does, occur at every level of society, regardless of status, race, age or gender; whether it is acknowledged or not. A basic definition of crime, as described by Tappan, is Black Letter Law; an act punishable by law; it is at the states discretion to label those who are deviant (Tappan, 1947, p100). People of a prominent rank within the state are empowered to be able to determine who and what are criminalised; further more they are capable of deciding who are classed as the powerful members of society. In this instance, we can assume these powerful members of society to be, politicians, law makers, agents of social control (etc. ), who control what is deemed right or wrong. a crime has only been committed if the law states so. Modern ideas regarding crime came in the early nineteenth century, with the growth of cities and urbanization; although seen as progression, it was also deemed a site of danger, where crime and disorder was common. The theme of dangerousness, not only covers places, but also people. It sets certain members of society apart from others; they were known as, the dangerous classes, the underclass or social residuum, as described by Murray, These poor people didnt lack just money. They were defined by their behaviour, (Murray, Criminological Perspectives, p127). Images of the dangerous classes were projected to the public, where they were considered to be a threat to the moral, public and legal order of society; some of these perceptions are evident today. When we view crime in the city, through the theme of dangerousness, some types of crime are focused upon, while others are pushed into the background. The media and the public tend to concentrate on street crime; mugging or burglary, which is visible. In contrast, white collar or corporate crimes, such as fraud are invisible, even though they are a prominent characteristic of the city. As Box points out, For too long too many people have been socialized to see crime and criminals through the eyes of the state, (Box, 1983, p281). There is a vast diversity in sites and types of criminal activity; ranging from inner city slum areas to the boardroom and from drug use to fraud. It is the above mentioned dominant groups within society, who are authorized to deem a particular activity criminal or a site to be prone to these activities. Alongside this, they are also of a status where they can pass laws that safeguard their own. People in power not only have the ability to criminalize, they are also in a prime position to hide their crimes. The politically powerful can hide their offences, such as illegal arms-dealing, from the public, through directing the media towards other areas of crime, as discussed in a previous assignment. The economic influential groups can conceal their misdemeanours, like fraud, behind regulations and multifaceted business laws. However, it is not only at this level of society that power exists; within the home there are micro relations of power; between partners and among the adults and children. These power relations can result in domestic violence crimes and child abuse never being discussed, reported to the police or punished by the law. The above examples imply that dominant conceptions of crime, especially those that repeatedly appeal to the media, are blurred by which crime is publicly detectable. It is telling, that until recently, domestic violence and corporate crime featured in few court cases. Dangerousness is not only a feature of city life; it also features within the home. A fact which has only recently been acknowledged and discussed, as public and political disquiet has lay elsewhere. Previously, the family has been thought of as a private and secure sanctuary, where no state intervention was required, as stated by Blagg and Smith (1989), an image of a settled, harmonious, wholesome and ord erly unit without needing interference of the state and its army of functionaries to prop it up, (Blagg and Smith, 1989, p23). Unfortunately, this is not the case for many families and it was not until the end of the nineteenth Century and latter part of the twentieth Century that community anxieties arose. Before these times, there was an unmistakable division between public and private; an assault on the street was criminalized, but within a family, it was not. The feminist movement played a key role in bringing domestic violence to the forefront of public thought; prior to this, people did not wish to think of crime taking place within the home, as this challenged the image of the ideal family. As Segal (1990) points out, it is startling to realize that rape and mens violence towards women became a serious social and political issue only through feminist attention to them, (Segal, 1990, p211). How are these types of crime defined, because if we take the normal family discourse, some violence is seen as commonplace, whereas a welfare discourse would class it as abuse, rather than violence. Feminists were particularly critical of this view, as by dismissing family violence as family problems, the power relations of age and gender are neglected. There are many contested and complex theories on this matter, thus, it is impossible to give a clear cut definition regarding what constitutes as crime within the home.. In contrast, the feminist discourse view domestic violence and child abuse as exploitation and manipulation of power. Mirlees-Black stated, victims of domestic violence may not define their experiences as crimes, (Mirlees-Black et al. , 1998 p6). This is one of the reasons it is so difficult to obtain a true picture of these types of crime, as many see the violence as the norm. In 1999, statistics from the Home Office, showed that a quarter of violent crime occurred within the home, (Home Office and Cabinet Office Womens Unit, 1999, Chapter 1, p2), but this is probably much higher due to the concealed environment of the family. Also, close relationships between household members make it difficult for victims to come forward. Sufferers may blame themselves or be too frightened to speak out, through fear of retaliation or not being believed; it may be that they are financially dependent on the perpetrator. All of these notions could prevent crimes within the home being reported to the police and consequently make it extremely difficult to gain accurate statistics regarding the level and number of these crimes. Even though surveys may produce more truthful figures, if the correct questions are not asked, we are again left with clouded information. According to Painter (1991), the figures of rape within marriage are much higher than sexual assaults on the street. The feminist discourse sees a connection between crimes within the home and how masculinities are formed. Men within the family are predominantly seen as the powerful members, with women being submissive. As Gordon explains, masculinity refers to, The basis of wife beating is male dominance not superior physical strength or violent temperament but social economic, political and psychological power , (Gordon, 1989, p251). Domestic violence and child abuse is often seen as only affecting the dangerous classes, only occurring in a minority of dysfunctional families; blaming it on the stress of being unemployed leading to alcohol abuse or the woman provoking the situation. This view takes the spotlight away from the more powerful members of society (middle/upper classes), who may be just as likely to be harbouring crime within the home. We have seen how the powerful are able to manipulate what is portrayed in the media; the media are willing to comply as their focus is on subjects that will tantalize readers and it is them that play a significant role in our perception of crime and disorder. The public are more comfortable with hearing about street crime and violence, than crimes within the home and they cannot visualize corporate crime, so perhaps think that it will not affect them. If crimes of the powerful cannot be seen, does this mean they are less real or serious? In actual fact, it is the opposite that is true, as they gain more power and are more dangerous by not being clearly viewed. We have also seen how, through the theme of dangerousness, certain sites of crime are focused upon, while others which are as, if not more, serious, are pushed into the background. Similarly, people that are conceived to be from the dangerous classes, through misguided preconceptions, are seen to be more prone to criminal activity, than the members of the more powerful groups within society. Due to the medias chief representation of violent crime and delinquency, crimes of the powerful are less obvious. Box summarizes this well, Maybe what is stuffed into our consciousness as the crime problem is in fact an illusion, a trick to deflect our attention away from other, even more serious crimes and victimizing behaviours, which objectively cause the vast bulk of avoidable death, injury and deprivation, (Box, Criminological Perspectives, p272s of Boxs mystification can be seen by recent events that have occurred, such as, the Clapham Rail disaster or the sinking of the Marchioness boat. By the powerful not taking responsibility, the blame falls on to the powerless employees. Even though these incidents resulted in death, neither was believed to be real crimes. Box puts the reason behind this down to ideological mystification; low visibility of private working areas, results in negligence being pushed out of the publics vision. Corporate crime is also conveniently well hidden from public view; through its complexity, criminal activities are hard to trace and haphazard regulations make it even easier for offences to go unnoticed. Combined with the ever increasing world of new technology, makes this task of uncovering offences almost impossible. However, although previously concealed, crimes within the home have now come much further to the forefront and have become recognised as such, mainly due to feminists disputing thoughts of the family being a private site; they have made domestic violence and child abuse visible and established them as criminal acts. That is not to say that these offences are easily defined, as they are not and the law has some way to go, before all criminals within the home are brought to justice.

Coaching Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coaching Log - Essay Example The coaching session began with motivational interviewing that would allow the coach to assess the client's needs as well as make the client aware of what her problem is. Motivational interviewing was again used to help the client realize the solution to the problem. Activity scheduling was then used to help the client create an action plan. In order to remove emotional obstacles like fear of failure or fear of rejection, the client was given problem-solving skills training before the session ended. The subject is a woman named Anne, who has graduated from college and has been working for a consulting company for almost two years now. She has been undergoing a lot of mood changes as well as sleeping disorders. At the beginning of the interview, motivational interviewing (MI) was used to draw out the client's problems and needs. Below, the coach asked some open questions and leading questions in order to help the client verbalize her problems and needs. When I was in college, I tried out a lot of sports. And, there was this one time when I got really hooked with judo. I loved the struggle and the challenge. I loved the way I set myself up for success by doing the right technique at the right time. And, I love the way I can find ways of turning things around when I am about to lose. And, I remember the first time I won a tournament. It was something that I worked hard on and succeeded in. I don't really know. ... And, I love the way I can find ways of turning things around when I am about to lose. And, I remember the first time I won a tournament. It was something that I worked hard on and succeeded in. What do you think would make you feel that way again I don't know. That is what I'm trying to look for. It's frustrating. I want to have some changes in my life but I don't know where to start. When do you usually feel this "emptiness" I don't really know. It just happens. It just hits me. Sometimes, it gets to me at work. It's like my days are always the same. And, I feel that there should be more to my life than this. And, when I get home, I come to an empty place. And, I feel afraid that this is what it's going to be like forever. And, I can't stand it. I want to have something more. Let's start with your workplace. Have you always felt this way about your work Of course not! I was excited. I couldn't wait to interact with the clients. And, I liked the fact that every single client was different. And, the projects I worked on were never the same. But then, after some time, I started feeling that I was saying the same lines and working on the same things. And, somehow, I felt that every day was the same. Why did you suddenly feel that way I don't really know. But, I guess, it's because I have the same approach for each client. The accounts that I'm assigned to are very different but my means of evaluating them and presenting my ideas to them are always the same. Somehow, I found myself doing the saying the same lines everyday. And, it has become very tiring. How can you change the way you see your job I don't know. Do you think you should quit your job No. I do love my job. It has

Questions on Asian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions on Asian History - Essay Example The Japanese aspirations for Chinese territories culminated in 1920, when Japan invaded Manchuria and finally in 1931, established the state of Manchukuo (Thomas). The establishment of Manchukuo was only a historical precedent, which marked the beginning of the Japanese invasion of China, culminating in 1937. The relations between Japan and the United States between 1900 and 1931 are much more controversial, than the ones with China. Up until WWI, the relations between the two countries were marked by political balance and mutual trade agreements. Until 1930 Japan and the US enjoyed a tradition of good and peaceful relations. During the Meiji dynasty and the modernization of Japan, the country imported knowledge and technology, as well its political ideas from the developed democracies in Europe, but also from the United States. The tradition of friendship and support however was broken after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1930. This act was perceived by the United States as a n act of territorial aggression, and it was controversial to the ideas of universal human rights and liberal institutionalism, which the country was fervently promoting. Japanese human rights violations in China were the main reasons for the rapid deterioration of the Japanese – US relations in the early twentieth century. The relations between Japan and China and Japan and the US between 1900 and 1931 are contrasting. The Japan-Chinese relations were historically marked by hostility not only because of the different paths of modernization that the two countries chose at the end of the nineteenth century, but because of the Japanese imperial ambitions and expansionist policies. The Japanese – American relations however were marked by traditional friendship until 1931. This changed dramatically with the Japanese invasion of Northern China (Manchuria). The invasion was considered by the US as a major violation of the general tendency towards a universal human rights agen da, which was gaining momentum after WWI. How did the Nationalist Party unify China during the 1920s? The unification of China in the 1920s was largely influenced by the ideological platform of the Nationalist Party (the Kuomintang - KMT) which was founded in 1912. This platform professed a unique blend of Chinese nationalism, ethnicity and national unification. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, China was shattered by a series of riots and civil wars between warlords. The popular demand for social and political reforms was growing. Although China did not fight many wars with â€Å"foreigners†, Chinese national identity is based on the ideal of national superiority and the spiritual uniqueness of the Chinese nation, compared to other nations (Hsu, Murphy). This historical perception of Chinese identity became the ideological base of the Chinese Nationalist Party. It was embraced and implemented as such by the first leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party - Dr.  Sun Yat-sen. His vision of a greater Chinese society, bound by the idea of the state, became the political mechanism for the unification of the country in 1928. It was also transformed into a military strategy, resulting in the so-called Northern expedition, which unified China under

Enterprise and Innovation in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Enterprise and Innovation in Practice - Essay Example The company was formed in 1938 by Byung-chull lee as a grocery, and later into a textile in 1947 (Michell, 2011). The company started a diversification strategy that became the company’s growth strategy, swiftly expanding to securities, insurance and retail business. The company further developed a redevelopment strategy with the key focus being industrialization, following Korea destruction after the Korean War. In 1960, Samsung ventured into the electronics industry with the creation of divisions focusing on electronics. These included the Samsung electro-mechanics, Samsung semiconductor and telecommunications that produced black and white TV sets. The growth strategy continued in 1980 when Samsung ventured into telecommunications industry, building telephone switchboards, phone and fax systems and mobile phones. This resulted in heavy investments in research and development, which resulted in cross border expansions to places like New York, England and Portugal. Byung-chull ’s death in 1987 led to the split of the Samsung group into four business groups; engineering, construction, electronics and high-tech products. Growth throughout the 1990s saw Samsung secure high profile construction projects like the Burj Khalifa Tower in UAE. Samsung underwent a reorganization in 1993 that entailed selling off of some auxiliaries and downsizing, with a growth focus on electronics. This made Samsung the largest LCD panels’ manufacturer in the globe (David and Foray, 2005). In 2011, Samsung acquired Sony’s stake in their 50-50 LCD supply partnership and took full control. The future’s focus for Samsung is centered on electronics, mobile and biopharmaceuticals. The most common imperative for firms and businesses entails the need to grow. All firms need to grow, and those that do not struggle to find new human resources and capital. The reason is that, a firm that does not grow is an unattractive investment, and will only

Human Physiological Function And Homeostasis

Human Physiological Function And Homeostasis The human organism consists of trillions of cells all working together for the maintenance of the entire organism. While cells may perform very different functions, all the cells are quite similar in their metabolic requirements. Maintaining a constant internal environment with all that the cells need to survive (oxygen, glucose, mineral ions, waste removal, and so forth) is necessary for the well-being of individual cells and the well-being of the entire body. The varied processes by which the body regulates its internal environment are collectively referred to as homeostasis. What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis in a general sense refers to stability, balance or equilibrium. It is the bodys attempt to maintain a constant internal environment. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring and adjustments as conditions change. This adjusting of physiological systems within the body is called homeostatic regulation. Homeostatic regulation involves three parts or mechanisms: 1) the receptor, 2) the control center and 3) the effector. The receptor receives information that something in the environment is changing. The control center or integration center receives and processes information from the receptor. And lastly, the effector responds to the commands of the control center by either opposing or enhancing the stimulus. This is an ongoing process that continually works to restore and maintain homeostasis. For example, in regulating body temperature there are temperature receptors in the skin, which communicate information to the brain, which is the control center, and the effector is our blood vessels and sweat glands in our skin. Because the internal and external environments of the body are constantly changing and adjustments must be made continuously to stay at or near the set point, homeostasis can be thought of as a dynamic equilibrium. Cells depend on the body environment to live and function. Homeostasis keeps the body environment under control and keeps the conditions right for cells to live and function. Without the right body conditions, certain processes (eg osmosis) and proteins (eg enzymes) will not function properly. All organisms need some control on their internal environmental conditions in order to ensure that they will be able to survive. Since many of the metabolic reactions that occur within an organism depend on the use of enzymes or even the use of other organisms such as prokaryotic bacteria, it is essential that the optimal conditions required for the functioning of that enzyme be provided. Homeostasis therefore, is the tendency of organisms to regulate and maintain relative internal stability, and involves, among other processes, the maintenance of a constant body temperature, glucose concentration, pH, osmotic pressure, oxygen level, and ion concentrations. The ability to maintain a constant internal environment, with which we are most familiar, is that of a constant body temperature in homeothermic organisms. For example, the average body temperature of a human The mechanisms that regulate homeostasis operate by feedback mechanisms. Negative and positive feedback mechanisms operate in living things. Negative feedback mechanisms reverse the direction of the change. This maintains the constant, steady state and so represents homeostasis. Positive feedback, on the other hand, acts to change the variable even more in the direction in which it is changing. Thus, positive feedback is not a homeostatic mechanism. Temperature control is an example of a negative feedback homeostatic mechanism. The region of the brain called the hypothalamus monitors the human bodys temperature. Variation from the normal temperature of 98.6ÂÂ °F (37ÂÂ °C) triggers a response from the hypothalamus. The temperature can be lowered by activation of glands capable of sweating, or raised by signalling muscles to shiver to produce heat. Homeostatic mechanisms are a fundamental characteristic of living things. Without these mechanisms, facets of a body that need to be kept operating in a steady state, such as temperature, salinity, acidity, hormone levels, concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide, and the concentrations of nutrients, would become so unbalanced as to threaten the life of the organism. In a healthy body, homeostatic mechanisms operate automatically at different levels; molecular, cellular, and at the level of the whole organism. At the molecular level, the activity controlled by one gene can be under regulatory control by another gene. At the cellular level, a well-studied homeostatic mechanism is contact inhibition, in which cells stop dividing when they begin to crowd in on each other. Cancer, in which a hallmark is the rampant growth and division of cells, is a condition where the homeostatic mechanism of contact inhibition is inoperative or defective. At the whole organism level, a homeostatic mechanism is a vital part of birth. During labor, the contraction of the uterus causes the release of a hormone called oxytocin from the hypothalamus. The hormone increases contraction frequency, which in turn stimulates the release of more oxytocin. This increasing contraction cycle propels the fetus down the birth canal and into the world. After birth, the oxytocin acts to contract the expanded uterus in order to minimize bleeding, thereby maintaining the mothers blood volume The importance of homeostatic mechanisms to the well being of an organism is underscored by the consequences of their failure. For example, at body temperatures of 107ÂÂ °F (42ÂÂ °C), the negative feedback systems cease to function. The high temperature then acts to speed up the bodys chemistry, raising temperature even more. This, in turn, further accelerates body chemistry, causing a further rise in temperature. This cycle of positive feedback is lethal if not halted. Two hormones are responsible for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood. These are insulin and glucagon. The diagram illustrates the principle of negative feedback control in action involving blood/sugar levels. Pancreas Receptors The receptors of the pancreas are responsible for monitoring glucose levels in the blood, since it is important in every cell for respiration. Two types of cell release two different hormones from the pancreas, insulin and glucagon. These hormones target the liver, one or the other depending on the glucose concentration In cases where glucose levels increase, less glucagon and more insulin is released by the pancreas and targets the liver In cases where glucose levels decrease, less insulin and more glucagon is released by the pancreas and targets the liver The Liver The liver acts as a storehouse for glycogen, the storage form of glucose. When either of the above hormones target the liver, the following occurs Insulin Insulin is released as a result of an increase in glucose levels, and therefore promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen, where the excess glucose can be stored for a later date in the liver Glucagon Glucagon is released as a result of an decrease in glucose levels, and therefore promotes the conversion of glycogen into glucose, where the lack glucose can be compensated for by the new supply of glucose brought about from glycogen Diabetes Diabetes insipidus is a condition where excess urine is excreted caused by the sufferers inability to produce ADH and promote the retention of water. Diabetes Mellitus is another form of diabetes where the sufferer does not have the ability to produce sufficient insulin, meaning that glucose cannot be converted into glycogen. Anyone who has this condition usually has to take injections of insulin after meals and snacks to maintain their storage of glucose needed in emergencies. Fight or Flight In emergencies, adrenaline is released by the body to override the homeostatic control of glucose. This is done to promote the breakdown of glycogen into glucose to be used in the emergency. These emergencies are often known as fight or flight reactions. Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands. The secretion of it leads to increased metabolism, breathing and heart rate. Once the emergency is over, and adrenaline levels drop, the homeostatic controls are once again back in place Osmoregulation Osmoregulation is the regulation of water concentrations in the bloodstream, effectively controlling the amount of water available for cells to absorb. The homeostatic control of water is as follows A change in water concentration leads to active via negative feedback control Osmoreceptors that are capable of detecting water concentration are situated on the hypothalamus next to the circulatory system The hypothalamus sends chemical messages to the pituitary gland next to it. The pituitary gland secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which targets the kidney responsible for maintaining water levels. When the hormone reaches its target tissue, it alters the tubules of the kidney to become more / less permeable to water If more water is required in the blood stream, high concentrations of ADH make the tubules more permeable. If less water is required in the blood stream, low concentrations of ADH make the tubules less permeable. This is illustrated by the flow chart below Evolutionary Adaptations in Water Regulation Some of the tutorial pages in the adaptation tutorial investigate some of the evolutionary adaptations that organisms have achieved through natural selection. This looks at Ways in which both animals and plants can be better adapted to cope with extreme environments (desert or wetlands). These changes can be behavioural, physical or anatomical, and in some way promote water regulation. Both plant and animal adaptations are investigated

Veronica - Why Doesnt Veronica Leave For The City? Essay -- essays res

The city is an elegant place to live. It calls to the people from the inferior village life. The well led life followed by the city people offers many opportunities compared to the hopelessness of village surroundings. It offers hope, the chance to be independent, the chance of a job. In the story Veronica by Adewale Maja-Pearce, Okekà © the ever lasting friend of Veronica is drawn by the attraction of the city for the opportunities he sees for himself. Veronica on the other hand does not desire to leave their decomposing village for the city. She decides this for a number of reasons. One of the reasons why Veronica decides not to go to the city is due to her lack of education. She feels that the city has nothing to offer her and her place is the village. She says, 'What will I do when I get there, I have no qualifications not even a standard six' She is aware that she needs qualifications to succeed in the city and without them, she sees no point in going. Another reason associated with this is to do with Veronica's expectations. If Veronica's expectations were not so low, she may have gone to the city with Okekà ©. Veronica says, 'They are my family that is enough' This line is an example of Veronica's low expectations. She feels her family is enough and she needs nothing else. Another example of Veronicas low expectations is when Okekà © comes back after ten years to find Veronica with a child a husband. Another example is, 'God has blessed us with a son. Is that not e...

“Words Can Hurt You!”

Have you ever been hurt by someone’s words? Words can’t hurt is a controversial statement. Being criticized for your intelligence, race or even where you live, can hurt you physically or emotionally. When I was little, people would tell me I was fat and ugly. I often felt like a symbol (word, sound or visual device that represents an object, sound, concept, or experience) trapped around referent (thing that a symbol represents). I didn’t feel welcome around a certain group of kids. However, my teachers and family would tell me the exact opposite and say words cannot hurt me, but in reality, they did.I thought (mental process of creating an image, sound, concept, or experience triggered by a referent or symbol) everyday would be a better day at school because some people would be positive towards me, but before I changed my lifestyle it was wishful thinking. Going to school every day was fun most of the time until someone had to say something cruel. I disagree wit h the statement words can’t hurt, because they do. Why do people say words don’t hurt, and how exactly are people hurt by those negative remarks? If words don’t hurt, then why do African-Americans get mad when called â€Å"negro†?All through middle school, I was called â€Å"rat boy† for some odd reason. One person told me it didn’t matter because I didn’t have to listen to them. It was hard to do this through my middle school life. It aggravated me and I wanted to move away and go into a deep state of isolation. Finally in eighth grade, most of my peers saw that it made me angry and they quit. It doesn’t matter the type of person you are, I was a three sport athlete that had good grades and still got made fun of. Over the years, my peers have changed. I got into my college classes and my life became pleasant once again.I met a guy at my best friend’s house that thought I was funny and we connected. Being African America n, he is known as a â€Å"Negro† and knew how I felt when I was called â€Å"rat boy†. I grew up being told negative thoughts about my size. This guy not only makes me feel good about myself on the outside, but has helped me find the little girl who was still lost inside a body full of happiness. I would use profanity (words considered obscene, blasphemous, irreverent, rude, or insensitive) to get other's attention, and not realize it how uglier I sounded.I did it to try and fit in and only made it worse. Since words can hurt people, who started the whole false idea about how they don’t hurt? Words can upset you physically or emotionally or you’ll never forget what the bully said to you. I remember back when I was in first grade, one of the other kids at recess called me small fry; he was older than me and thus bigger. I was angry towards him that whole school year, and it still makes me mad when people call me small fry or short.I was around seven when i t happened, I’m twenty-one now, and I still get disgusted by that kid. In my case I was injured emotionally and I never forgot how much it hurt me. Since then my size has changed, but it is very unbalanced. People now are different and don’t vilify me anymore. All through my education at public schools, I have been ridiculed about my size. Being a junior in college and five foot seven inches, I’m considered average. This time in life I can honestly say, I haven’t encountered bullies near as much.It may have been because I took what was being thrown in my face and changed myself. I try to have a healthier lifestyle, by eating healthier and exercising more frequently. Out of all the names I was called, the two previously mentioned made me upset the most. I’m writing about this to show that I have struggled with my self-esteem because of the names I was labeled. People need to change in order for the remarks to stop completely. To conclude this writin g assignment, I myself disagree with words can’t hurt you because in truth they do. â€Å"Words Can Hurt You!† Have you ever been hurt by someone’s words? Words can’t hurt is a controversial statement. Being criticized for your intelligence, race or even where you live, can hurt you physically or emotionally. When I was little, people would tell me I was fat and ugly. I often felt like a symbol (word, sound or visual device that represents an object, sound, concept, or experience) trapped around referent (thing that a symbol represents). I didn’t feel welcome around a certain group of kids. However, my teachers and family would tell me the exact opposite and say words cannot hurt me, but in reality, they did.I thought (mental process of creating an image, sound, concept, or experience triggered by a referent or symbol) everyday would be a better day at school because some people would be positive towards me, but before I changed my lifestyle it was wishful thinking. Going to school every day was fun most of the time until someone had to say something cruel. I disagree wit h the statement words can’t hurt, because they do. Why do people say words don’t hurt, and how exactly are people hurt by those negative remarks? If words don’t hurt, then why do African-Americans get mad when called â€Å"negro†?All through middle school, I was called â€Å"rat boy† for some odd reason. One person told me it didn’t matter because I didn’t have to listen to them. It was hard to do this through my middle school life. It aggravated me and I wanted to move away and go into a deep state of isolation. Finally in eighth grade, most of my peers saw that it made me angry and they quit. It doesn’t matter the type of person you are, I was a three sport athlete that had good grades and still got made fun of. Over the years, my peers have changed. I got into my college classes and my life became pleasant once again.I met a guy at my best friend’s house that thought I was funny and we connected. Being African America n, he is known as a â€Å"Negro† and knew how I felt when I was called â€Å"rat boy†. I grew up being told negative thoughts about my size. This guy not only makes me feel good about myself on the outside, but has helped me find the little girl who was still lost inside a body full of happiness. I would use profanity (words considered obscene, blasphemous, irreverent, rude, or insensitive) to get other's attention, and not realize it how uglier I sounded.I did it to try and fit in and only made it worse. Since words can hurt people, who started the whole false idea about how they don’t hurt? Words can upset you physically or emotionally or you’ll never forget what the bully said to you. I remember back when I was in first grade, one of the other kids at recess called me small fry; he was older than me and thus bigger. I was angry towards him that whole school year, and it still makes me mad when people call me small fry or short.I was around seven when i t happened, I’m twenty-one now, and I still get disgusted by that kid. In my case I was injured emotionally and I never forgot how much it hurt me. Since then my size has changed, but it is very unbalanced. People now are different and don’t vilify me anymore. All through my education at public schools, I have been ridiculed about my size. Being a junior in college and five foot seven inches, I’m considered average. This time in life I can honestly say, I haven’t encountered bullies near as much.It may have been because I took what was being thrown in my face and changed myself. I try to have a healthier lifestyle, by eating healthier and exercising more frequently. Out of all the names I was called, the two previously mentioned made me upset the most. I’m writing about this to show that I have struggled with my self-esteem because of the names I was labeled. People need to change in order for the remarks to stop completely. To conclude this writin g assignment, I myself disagree with words can’t hurt you because in truth they do.